From generation to generation time changes affecting culture and the way people live and their society as well. A change in time prompts new inventions and technologies, the twenty-first century where scientific inventions and the latest of technologies are the basis of trade. It is evident that as years go by there comes along sophistication and…

Education hubs are important new developments. They represent a new generation of cross-border education activities where critical mass, co-location and connection between international, regional and local universities, students, research institutes and private industry are key. Different scales (city, zone and country) and types (student, talent,…

Market forces are being introduced in public spheres such as higher education and public health, which hitherto were closed to such forces. Ironically, it is the state that is responsible for this process of marketisation. Some see this state action as leading to a growing influence of the state in public policy while others see an attenuation of…

Describes the development of the educational system in the landlocked African nation of Botswana from its independence to the present. Contends that the nation's economic progress is tied closely to the educational system. Concludes that, although still facing many problems, Botswana has been able to create an effective educational system from the…

A discussion of Botswana higher education looks at the relationship between higher education and labor force participation and types of higher education programs available, A study of 102 University of Botswana graduates examined perceived job-relevance of their undergraduate training and pursuit of graduate or on-the-job training. (MSE)

These proceedings consist of 44 presentations in these categories: distance education and evaluation; community issues and research; multicultural issues and research; teaching and learning; research methods; and organizational development. The papers are "Philosophical Foundations of Andragogy and Self-Directed Learning" (Alfred);…