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Peer reviewedKratus, John – Journal of Research in Music Education, 2001
Presents a study that investigates the effect of different melodic configurations on an Orff xylophone on how children compose and on the musical characteristics of their compositions. Focuses on fourth grade students (n=48) who lacked education in musical composition and who composed a song on the xylophone. (CMK)
Descriptors: Educational Research, Elementary Education, Grade 4, Higher Education
Peer reviewedKratus, John – Music Educators Journal, 1991
Discusses improvisation as a phenomenon. Offers suggestions for a learning sequence. Warns against allowing students to skip levels. Identifies developmental levels of improvisation as exploration, process-oriented, product-oriented, fluid, structural, stylistic, and personal improvisation. Urges that improvisation can and should be a meaningful…
Descriptors: Creativity, Elementary Secondary Education, Higher Education, Improvisation
