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Direct linkPeguero, Anthony A.; Varela, Kay S.; Marchbanks, Miner P., III; Blake, Jamilia; Eason, John M. – Urban Education, 2021
There are racial/ethnic disparities associated with school punishment practices and academic progress. In addition, research suggests that urban schools have stricter school punishment practices and higher grade retention rates. What remains unknown, however, is the relationship between race/ethnicity, school punishment practices, and retention…
Descriptors: Punishment, Discipline, Racial Differences, Ethnicity
Peer reviewedWalker, Elaine M.; Sutherland, Marcia E. – Urban Education, 1993
Develops an attitude formation model for the occupational and educational goals of disadvantaged African-American students, and tests it for 175 African-American male and female twelfth graders in an urban school district in New Jersey. Discusses variance in student attitudes, sex differences, and the marginalization of African-American urban…
Descriptors: Academic Aspiration, Adolescents, Attitude Change, Black Youth
Peer reviewedKarraker, Meg Wilkes – Urban Education, 1992
Analyzes African-American and white females' plans for education for 4,573 high school seniors in 1980 from the High School and Beyond Survey. When other factors are controlled, African-American females have plans for higher levels of education, as do females from high-income families and those with mothers with more education. (SLD)
Descriptors: Academic Aspiration, Black Students, College Bound Students, Educational Attainment
