This dissertation is a descriptive grammar of Potawatomi, a critically endangered Algonquian language now only spoken as a first language by a handful of elders in northern Wisconsin. Throughout, the goal is to present an authoritative linguistic description of Potawatomi by drawing on direct elicitation, a corpus of new texts gathered in close collaboration with the Forest County Potawatomi Community in northern Wisconsin, and previous linguistic studies of Potawatomi. Chapter 2 describes the sound system and a few phonological processes including syncope, a rhythmic pattern of vowel reduction or deletion. Chapter 2 also covers the two major writing systems in use in Forest County: one, the WNALP orthography, is used primarily by linguists and scholars, while the other, which I call the FCP orthography, is becoming more widely used by language teachers. The most noteworthy difference between them has to do with the treatment of vowels. Chapter 3 introduces fundamental concepts of morphosyntax in Algonquian languages and provides a discussion of derivational morphology, including many examples illustrating the components of lexical structure in Potawatomi. Chapter 4 treats noun inflection, showing significant variation. Chapter 5 covers verbal inflection, providing numerous examples. Chapter 6 provides a sketch of some syntactic and semantic facts. This chapter provides an overview of Potawatomi word order following the recent work of Robert Lewis. Following that is an extensive discussion of question formation, complex sentences, and quantification. The appendices provide comparison tables for the different writing systems and close to 60 pages of previously unpublished conversations and narratives. [The dissertation citations contained here are published with the permission of ProQuest LLC. Further reproduction is prohibited without permission. Copies of dissertations may be obtained by Telephone (800) 1-800-521-0600. Web page: http://bibliotheek.ehb.be:2222/en-US/products/dissertations/individuals.shtml.]