Purpose: This study examined the frequency, direction, and structural characteristics of code-switching (CS) during narratives by Spanish-English bilingual children with and without developmental language disorder (DLD) to determine whether children with DLD exhibit unique features in their CS that may inform clinical decision-making. Method:…

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to find morphological markers with good diagnostic accuracy to identify developmental language disorders (DLD) in Spanish-English bilingual children. Method: The participants in this study included 66 Spanish-English bilingual children between the ages of 4;0 and 6;11 (years; months) with (n = 33) and without…

In Multi-tiered System of Support (MTSS) and Response to Intervention (RTI) models, the reading achievement of English Learners (ELs) is assessed multiple times during the school year to monitor students' progress toward meeting grade-level reading standards. Most MTSS/RTI frameworks do not include a comparable system for assessing oral language…

This study examined the +/- presence of Spanish subject personal pronouns ("yo," "el/ella," "nosotros/nosotras," and "ellos/ellas" ) in sociolinguistic interviews of 36 Mexican-Americans from Houston, Texas (16 of 2nd generation and 20 of 3rd generation), and 20 Mexicans (control group) from Heroica…

This study presents the results of four experiments in the framework of processing instruction conducted with four language learner groups (Spanish, "n"?=?43; German, "n"?=?46; Russian, "n"?=?44; and French, "n"?=?48; discussed in that order). In each experiment, the processing problem was held constant (the…

In the present study, we examine the roles of 1) explicit information about language provided to learners prior to treatment and 2) aptitude (specifically grammatical sensitivity) within Processing Instruction. Forty-two learners of Spanish in their third-semester of study were divided into two groups: those who received explicit information (EI)…

Examines the reduction of syntactic options in South Texas Spanish narrative discourse during the nineteenth century. Argues that nineteenth century Texas Spanish made ample use of the absolute construction as an orientation strategy in narrative discourse. (Author/VWL)

UNITS IN FIRST GRADE CONVERSATIONAL SPANISH ARE CORRELATED WITH THE REGULAR COURSE OF STUDY. CONSTANT REPETITION OF VOCABULARY PHRASES AND SENTENCES IS EMPHASIZED AS AN IMPORTANT FACTOR FOR THE FIRST GRADER LEARNING SPANISH BY "EAR." ALL VOCABULARY PRESENTED IS LINKED WITH KNOWN EXPERIENCES AND OBJECTS EITHER WITHIN THE CLASSROOM OR IN…

THE AIM IS TO STIMULATE INTEREST IN CONVERSATION FOR STUDENTS WITH A PREVIOUS BACKGROUND IN THE LANGUAGE. THE COURSE OF STUDY IS DIVIDED INTO FOUR BROAD UNITS - REVIEW OF PREVIOUS WORK (GRADES 1-6), HISTORICAL AND CULTURAL BACKGROUND MATERIAL, A BRIEF HISTORY OF TEXAS IN SPANISH, AND FOLK TALES AND LEGENDS. ALTHOUGH GRAMMAR IS TAUGHT INCIDENTALLY,…

THE EMPHASIS IS GIVEN TO PUPIL PARTICIPATION AND THE BEGINNING OF INFORMAL WRITING AND READING. CHILDREN WITH TWO PREVIOUS YEARS OF ORAL SPANISH CAN BE TAUGHT TO READ THE WRITTEN SYMBOLS FROM AN ASSOCIATION OF THE WRITTEN WORD WITH THE ORAL WORD. A CLEAR UNDERSTANDING OF SPANISH VOWEL SOUNDS IS NECESSARY FOR THIS TRANSITION. ORAL RECOGNITION AND…

Background: Integrating reading in foreign language (FL) classes is sometimes a difficult task because of lack of appropriate methodology and poor textbook support. In addition, college students find many readings too difficult to understand or not interesting. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to investigate how a teacher-researcher…

The Texas framework for modern and classical language programs in the elementary and secondary schools is intended to (1) establish a philosophy for a proficiency-based sequential language program; (2) outline the overall language program as specified in state rules and legislative mandates; and (3) describe expected student proficiency levels and…