This paper employs a mixed research methodology, integrating a questionnaire survey and sample interviews, to assess the current state of digital competence and identify the factors influencing it among international Chinese pre-service teachers. Building upon the authoritative model framework, this study developed a questionnaire on the digital…

The demand for workers (employers, self-employed people and employees) having research training extends beyond the researcher workforce itself and is increasing. The research workforce is not uniform but segmented according to disciplines and the economic and sectoral contexts in which researchers work. The growth of cross-disciplinary and…

Characteristics of the Japanese university and future issues, including the university's research role, are considered. More than 75 percent of university students and 91 percent of junior college students in Japan attend private institutions. Japanese universities are scattered unevenly geographically, and often they offer only certain fields of…