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Tate, Tamara P.; Collins, Penelope; Xu, Ying; Yau, Joanna C.; Krishnan, Jenell; Prado, Yenda; Farkas, George; Warschauer, Mark – Scientific Studies of Reading, 2019
Seventh- and 8th-grade students in a within-teacher randomized control study read from visual-syntactic formatted text for 44 min per week over the course of 1 year. On the annual state assessment, we found small statistically significant improvements on the overall English Language Arts scaled score (ES = 0.05, p < 0.05) and the writing…
Descriptors: Grade 7, Grade 8, Syntax, English Instruction

Farkas, George; And Others – American Educational Research Journal, 1990
Coursework-mastery test scores for all middle school students in a school district were used to test the narrowly meritocratic hypothesis that course-grade differentials for gender, ethnicity, and poverty groups can be accounted for by the differential coursework mastery of these groups. Samples ranged from 1,124 to 8,381 seventh graders and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Courses, Ethnicity, Grade 7

Farkas, George; And Others – American Sociological Review, 1990
Tests a cultural resources/social interaction model of gatekeeping by school teachers using data for seventh and eighth grade students in a city school district. Results indicate informal academic standards by which teachers reward general skills, habits, and styles, accounting for course grade differentials observed for gender, ethnicity, and…
Descriptors: Academic Achievement, Ethnicity, Grade 7, Grade 8