Describes a joint effort in a school/university partnership to develop, implement, and evaluate a literature-based approach to sixth grade social studies. Discusses theory and rationale; designing the unit; addressing prior knowledge; think sheets; head, hand, and heart of citizenship; developing personal responses; and program effectiveness. (SR)

Investigates the effectiveness of study guides (called Expository Passage Organizers) in improving sixth graders' reading and writing. Finds that such study guides, which highlighted the structures of textbooks, made a significant and positive difference in reading and writing performance. (SR)

Investigates whether transfer of reading and listening comprehension skills occurs in bilingual programs. Finds that reading and listening skills in the native language do transfer to reading in the second language but that general language ability is not significantly involved in the transfer of reading skills to a second language. (RS)

Describes the functions and forms of metadiscourse as an alternative to recitation. Presents an analytic-narrative technique for studying discussion. Offers two illustrative examples from two different middle grade classrooms. (SR)

Describes a program for at-risk sixth grade students designed to address their learned helplessness and enable them to view themselves as competent, capable learners. Suggests using question response cues, double entry/response journals, and self-evaluation to give students some control over their learning. (RS)

Describes an alternative method of placing students in reading groups which reduces reliance on achievement tests, yet remains manageable enough for large groups of students. Describes the six formal and informal measures used in placement: achievement test scores, IQ scores, attitude scores, current placement, grade in reading, and teacher…

Reports on a survey of 72 "recognized" middle schools and 83 randomly chosen schools, which indicates that most schools require reading instruction, especially in grade six. Finds that many offer remedial programs, but that practice has not responded to theoreticians' advocacy for reading in content areas. (RS)