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Nisle, Stephanie; Anyon, Yolanda – Applied Developmental Science, 2023
This study explores the association between school-level poverty rates and young peoples' perceptions of student empowerment, drawing on survey and administrative data from a large urban district. Participants included 29,318 diverse youth in grades 6-12 from 211 schools. We used multilevel linear regression models to estimate the relationships…
Descriptors: Poverty, Secondary School Students, Urban Schools, Student Attitudes
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Rapa, Luke J.; Bolding, Candice W.; Jamil, Faiza M. – Applied Developmental Science, 2022
An open classroom climate, one where diverse opinions and discussion of social and political issues are welcome, promotes civic development among youth and fosters critical consciousness. Critical consciousness, defined as the capacity to recognize societal inequity along with the motivation and action taken to challenge such inequity and promote…
Descriptors: Classroom Environment, Consciousness Raising, Social Bias, Social Justice