The development of children's understanding of the learning process and factors that affect learning was explored with a sample of 18 children from 6 to 13 years of age. Subjects were interviewed, and three levels of their reasoning were identified. The 6- to 7-year-old subjects viewed learning as "doing" and reasoned that…

This study was designed to extend the schema-theoretic perspective of understanding general discourse to include graph comprehension. The sample included 204 fourth-grade and 185 seventh-grade pupils. Data were collected on achievement in reading and mathematics, sex, prior knowledge of topic, mathematical content, graphical form, and graph…

In 1979 the research department of the Fort Worth Independent School District (Texas) developed a plan for evaluating the utilization of time in elementary schools, middle schools, and high schools. This report deals with the classroom observation undertaken in grades four, seven, and ten. Activities in math and language arts classes were…

THIS REPORT REPRESENTS AN ASSESSMENT OF THE FIRST FULL SCHOOL YEAR OF 1,429 FOURTH AND SEVENTH GRADERS RECEIVING TITLE I INSTRUCTION IN 16 SCHOOL DISTRICTS OF NORTHERN APPALACHIA. THE STUDY WAS CONCERNED WITH THE EFFECTIVENESS OF VARIOUS PROJECTS ON THE READING ACHIEVEMENT OF CHILDREN. THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS ARE CONSIDERED PERTINENT TO THE…

The tables presented in this document show the Arizona Instrument to Measure Standards (AIMS) results for the past two years. Twenty-four tables show results as percent at each performance level and percent passing, as well as percent of students tested. The tables shown in this document include: (1) Mathematics Grade 3; (2) Reading Grade 3; (3)…

The main goal of this report is to present evidence on the predictive validity of an English language arts (ELA) performance assessment (PA) administered in Grades 2-9 in a large urban school district. To account for the hierarchical structure of the data (students are nested within schools), we employed hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) to…

Of the 1,828 grade 6 students who received accelerated instruction outside of the regular classroom, 27% participated in both reading and math interventions. Of the 1,872 grade 7 students who participated in accelerated instruction outside of the classroom, 26% participated in both reading and math interventions. The overall state test results for…

Strategies actually used by good and poor spellers at different grade levels were examined. The subjects included 20 students from Grades 3 and 4, 22 from Grades 7 and 8, and 31 college undergraduates. Each individual made a list of 10 words misspelled from prepared lists of difficult words. The students "thought aloud" as they studied, and…

To determine if equal raw scores have the same "meaning" for students tested "in" and "out-of-level," four "out-of-level" grade groups who took the Vocabulary, Reading, and Mathematics Concepts subtests of the Iowa Tests of Basic Skills typically administered to fifth graders were compared to "in…

This report describes an instructional package designed to replace a set of unsatisfactory textbooks used to teach State history, government, and geography to 4th-, 7th-, 11th-, and 12th-grade students in Virginia. The format of the package, taking what is described as the "inquiry approach", revolves around a series of short television…

The effects of slide photos on ideational fluency in 240 children in grades IV, VII and IX were studied. Children listed uses of tires and knives and similarities between potatoes and carrots, and cats and mice. It was reasoned that stimula which attract attention too closely to physical characteristics of objects directly under consideration…

This study examined role models presented in primary-, fourth-, and seventh-grade basal readers and across basal series. Findings conclude that since children are influenced by models, basal authors should include role models who read and write frequently, with pleasure and variety. Teachers should provide live modeling or point out basal role…

Tested hypothesis that understanding validity of inference is a relatively late development by asking fourth and seventh graders and college students to sort sets of deductive arguments. None of fourth graders, 45 percent of seventh graders, and 85 percent of college students used validity as basis for distinguishing arguments. Experiments…

Reports two experiments showing a possible developmental shift from memory organization based on associative criteria to an organization based on categorical criteria. Children in first, fourth, and seventh grades were given a sort/recall task with items that could be organized into groups of categorical or associative pairs. (Author/CB)

Considering the necessity to facilitate the optimal development of reading ability, and the cooperation of the community, family, school, student, and teacher, this paper presents Washington State's Essential Academic Learning Requirements in Reading as a way to encourage equal access to excellent reading instruction and opportunities to learn for…