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Baker, Bruce D.; Weber, Mark; Srikanth, Ajay – Journal of Education Finance, 2021
This article explains the process behind estimating a National Education Cost Model (NECM) and generating from that model projections of per-pupil costs to achieve 2016 national average outcomes (reading and math grades 3 to 8) across all districts in the United States, from 2019-20 to 2020-21. This article is a follow-up to a preliminary report…
Descriptors: Models, Educational Finance, Grade 3, Grade 4
Hollands, Fiona M.; Pan, Yilin – Middle Grades Review, 2018
Many school districts have adopted digital tools to supplement or replace teacher-led instruction, usually based on the premise that these tools can provide more personalized or individualized experiences for students and at lower cost. Rigorously evaluating whether such initiatives promote better student outcomes in the field is difficult as most…
Descriptors: Computer Uses in Education, Mathematics Education, Grade 3, Grade 4
Goldhaber, Dan; Kane, Thomas J.; McEachin, Andrew; Morton, Emily; Patterson, Tyler; Staiger, Douglas O. – National Center for Analysis of Longitudinal Data in Education Research (CALDER), 2022
Using testing data from 2.1 million students in 10,000 schools in 49 states (plus D.C.), we investigate the role of remote and hybrid instruction in widening gaps in achievement by race and school poverty. We find that remote instruction was a primary driver of widening achievement gaps. Math gaps did not widen in areas that remained in-person…
Descriptors: COVID-19, Pandemics, School Closing, Distance Education
Came, Deb; Drake, Linda – Washington Office of Superintendent of Public Instruction, 2017
The Washington Comprehensive Assessment Program (WCAP) is a maturing and stable program. In 2016-17 it included: (1) Smarter Balanced Assessments (SBA) in English Language Arts (ELA) and math for students in grades 3-8 and high school; (2) Measurements of Student Progress (MSP) in science for grades 5 and 8; (3) End-of-Course exams in math and…
Descriptors: Student Evaluation, Language Arts, Mathematics, Grade 3