This guide is designed to help teachers respond to the changing needs of children, to changing knowledge about how children learn, and to the stress teachers experience in dealing with children's development. The first section of the guide addresses the topics of: (1) educational changes relating to children, teachers, classrooms, and basic…

The fifth year of the partial immersion program in grades 1-5 at Key Elementary School (Arlington, Virginia), where half the day is taught in English and half in Spanish, is reported. The annual review, which included classroom observations, student and teacher interviews, student assessment, and parent and staff interviews, revealed a highly…

Experiences in using positive reinforcement while teaching on an Indian reservation are presented for teachers and administrators. Several "positive reinforcers," intended to prevent potential discipline problems from occurring, are described, including student involvement in deciding on classroom rules, election of classroom officers, class…

Formal definitions are one example of "decontextualized" language use, in which reliance on background knowledge shared with the interlocutor is minimized, and use of conversational devices is avoided. Definitions of English nouns by 137 second- to fifth-grade children, about half of whom were non-native English speakers, were analyzed…

This unit introduces the American tax system to elementary school students in grades 3-5. It is presented in three sections, all of which are built around the story of Tex Tax leaving the ranch and going to the city for the first time. Section one centers on taxation at federal, state, and local levels. The student learns to distinguish between…

IN 1961, 164 SECOND GRADE TEACHERS WERE INTERVIEWED REGARDING CLASSROOM BEHAVIOR OF THEIR PUPILS. THE TEACHERS DESCRIBED PUPILS WHO MIGHT BE CONSIDERED EMOTIONALLY DISTURBED, DESCRIBED PROBLEMS PRESENTED BY THESE PUPILS, AND SUGGESTED THE CONTRIBUTING OR COMPLICATING CONDITIONS. TWO ADDITIONAL FOLLOWUP SURVEYS OBTAINED SIMILAR INFORMATION FROM…

A LEARNING MODEL TO IDENTIFY FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO THE DIFFICULTY OF A PROBLEM ITEM WAS SUPPORTED EMPIRICALLY, AND INDICATED THAT THE NUMBER OF STEPS REQUIRED TO SOLVE A PROBLEM WAS THE MOST IMPORTANT VARIABLE IN PREDICTING BOTH ERROR PROBABILITY AND RESPONSE LATENCY. THE MODEL, IN ORDER TO ESTABLISH DIFFERENTIAL PREDICTIONS OF DIFFICULTY IN…

Elementary guidance materials providing career education activities for grades K-6 are presented for utilization by elementary teachers and elementary guidance specialists. Arranged by grade level, materials cover the following career education concepts: appreciation and attitudes, self-awareness, decision making, career awareness, and educational…

The guide to career education is designed to supplement an existing curriculum at the third and fourth grade level; it suggests and outlines a developmental program of learning activities and resource materials which may be integrated with the teaching of academic subject areas. The suggested activities and materials are designed to (1) promote…

GRADES OR AGES: K-12. SUBJECT MATTER: Literature. ORGANIZATION AND PHYSICAL APPEARANCE: The guide is divided into four main sections (K-3; 4-6; 7-9; 10-12) each with a suggested reading list and teaching guides for selected literature. The guide is offset printed and bound with a soft cover. OBJECTIVES AND ACTIVITIES: The guide materials are…

The Porter Elementary School in Syracuse, New York introduced individually prescribed instruction (IPI) for its kindergarten through 6th grade pupils, most of whom came from lower socio-economic backgrounds. Student individual differences relating to social background physical and personality development, intellectual capacity, and school…

This report summarizes the advantages and disadvantages of administering the Physical Education Assessment Report (PEAR) during its pilot year in Austin Independent School District (AISD).

Curriculum-based measurement (CBM) is a well established tool for formative assessment. CBM has also been used for prediction of state test scores. However, validity coefficients between math-CBM and state tests have been moderate at best (Skiba, Magnusson, Martson, and Erickson, 1986; Martson, 1989; Putnam, 1989). The purpose of the present…

Mediator models were examined in which children's emotional reactions to peer aggression were hypothesized to mediate their selection of coping strategies and subsequent peer victimization and internalizing problems. Self-report data were collected from 145 ethnically diverse kindergarten through fifth grade children (66 females and 79 males) who…

The purpose of this study was to explore teachers' perceptions of physical education classes in an urban Korean primary school. Furthermore, this study tried to interpret how teachers' beliefs were reflected in their teaching. One primary school with seventeen teachers was selected as the site for a case study. Data were collected by participant…