Cross-lagged relationships between academic achievement and perceived parental educational expectations were examined by using panel data from 5,312 students from the National Educational Longitudinal Study from when they were in Grades 8, 10, and 12. Three hypotheses were tested: (1) academic achievement would precede perceptions of parents'…

Using data from the National Education Longitudinal Study (NELS), this report examined the prospective relationships between educational expectations and academic achievement among students (n = 10,262) surveyed and tested in Grades 8, 10, and 12. Cross-lagged analyses indicated that between Grades 8 and 10 the path from achievement to…