This hearing of the Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions examines compensating college athletes, focusing on the potential impact on athletes and institutions. Opening statements were presented by: (1) Honorable Lamar Alexander, Chairman, Committee on Health, Education, Labor, and Pensions; and (2) Honorable Patty Murray, Ranking…

This report identifies and describes federal student loan forgiveness and loan repayment programs that are currently authorized by federal law. It provides brief, summary descriptions of identified programs. These program descriptions are intended to provide policymakers with general information about the purpose of existing programs and how they…

Most Americans today need some education beyond high school to secure a well-paying job, and higher education is a key factor in social and economic mobility. But higher education is not accessible to all students. To further equalize opportunity, states must understand options for improving the way they fund higher education. America's public…

"Children's Budget 2022" finds that the share of federal spending on children climbed to a historic 11.98% of the U.S. budget in FY 2022, producing remarkable declines in child poverty, hunger and the rate of children without health insurance. The report finds that the share of U.S. domestic and international spending on children rose…

The internet continues to provide new and interesting solutions to age-old problems; this paper explores how education could benefit from online solutions. The history of public education in the U.S. is fractured at best, based on a system reliant on state and local control. As new legislation came into place to meet the needs of civil rights…

Results from national reading assessments reveal that millions of young people leave high school without the advanced reading and writing skills required for career and college success. Young adults who lack reading and writing proficiency will likely be relegated to the ranks of unskilled workers in a world where literacy is an absolute…

Congress enacted the Employment Retirement Income Security Act of 1974 (ERISA) to help assure economic security in retirement. This analysis includes description of the growth, operation, and inequities within the private pension system and analysis of ERISA: (1) participation, vesting and joint and survivor annuities; (2) funding and plan…

This report discusses ways to determine why female Federal employees earn less than male Federal employees. Two general approaches are discussed: economic analysis and job content. Economic analysis attempts to measure and explain existing wage differentials between men and women using characteristics of individuals, occupations, and the…

The document is a reference to laws enacted to amend the Social Security Act and to laws which directly affect the programs under that act. Intended for use by the Senate Finance Committee, the document supplements the "Compilation of the Social Security Laws," published periodically by the Social Security Administration. The reference…

The report contains legal studies on important tax code provisions related to philanthropic giving. This is Volume IV in a five volume series examining the relationship between nonprofit institutions and their donors. Seventeen papers comprise the report. Tax code provisions which are discussed include eligibility for tax exemption; distinctions…

Although housing standards have been raised in all parts of the United States since 1960, there are still significant numbers of American families whose housing conditions fall below accepted standards and others who must pay excessive portions of their income for housing. Nearly two-thirds of the nation's substandard housing is located in rural…

Trying to analyze developments in the federal budget in 1996 was particularly confusing to most Americans. This book serves as a guide for understanding the ever-changing, complex federal budget process. Chapter 1 explains in detail key terms and concepts. Chapter 2 provides an overview of the Budget Enforcement Act (BEA) budget process. Under the…

Every great war in which the United States has played a part has been followed by educational developments of supreme national importance. As the result of the Revolutionary War the Federal Government acquired a vast public land domain from which it has carved generous grants to the States. Those became the foundation of systems of free public…

This report provides information on the amounts and sources of education funding for land-grant colleges, including historically black and tribal schools. A total of 107 land-grant schools were identified, including 59 institutions funded under the 1862 Morrill Act, 19 historically black land-grant institutions, and 29 tribal land-grant…

The Federal Family Education Loan (FFEL) program guarantees loans for postsecondary education to students and their parents at a limited interest rate. However, limiting borrowers' rates creates a danger that lenders will not be willing to participate in the program if their costs of financing and servicing the loans exceed the interest rates they…