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Guryan, Jonathan; Kim, James S.; Quinn, David M. – National Bureau of Economic Research, 2022
There are large gaps in reading skills by family income among school-aged children in the United States. Correlational evidence suggests that reading skills are strongly related to the amount of reading students do outside of school. Experimental evidence testing whether this relationship is causal is lacking. We report the results from a…
Descriptors: Reading Skills, Recreational Reading, Summer Programs, Grade 2
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Xu, Di; Jaggars, Shanna S. – Journal of Higher Education, 2014
Using a dataset containing nearly 500,000 courses taken by over 40,000 community and technical college students in Washington State, this study examines the performance gap between online and face-to-face courses and how the size of that gap differs across student subgroups and academic subject areas. While all types of students in the study…
Descriptors: Community Colleges, Technical Institutes, Academic Achievement, Achievement Gap