The global challenge of rising healthcare demand, coupled with an acute shortage of physicians, has become a pressing concern, particularly in Egypt. To address this issue, this dissertation comprises three essays that aim to tackle the shortage and maldistribution of physicians in Egypt. The first paper investigates the factors that make general…

Learning and study strategies and student engagement are key factors in achieving the intended learning outcomes. However, relatively little is known about these two concepts among Egyptian undergraduates as a function of gender (males/females) and discipline (science/humanities). This study investigates gender and discipline differences in…