The purpose of this study is to examine gender differences in entrepreneurial competencies and self-efficacy among middle school students in an entrepreneurship program. The study evaluates teamwork, innovation, marketing, feasibility, and impact skills. It also measures entrepreneurial self-efficacy pre-post program. Previous research shows that…

Background: The world is moving towards digitalization and intelligence. Programming has become an essential development competency. Even though many countries are currently making great efforts to expand programming education, the programming education in these countries shows an imbalance in geographical and gender dimensions. We found that few…

Pair programming is an effective instructional format in programming education for adolescents. Within pair programming, three potential gender combinations may arise: Boy-Boy (BB), Girl-Girl (GG), and Boy-Girl (BG). This study explores the impact of different gender pairings on the programming self-efficacy and collaborative attitudes of…

In poor-performing, resource-constrained education systems, such as South Africa, solutions to improve academic achievement have tended to focus on resources and cognitive factors. An area that requires more attention is the importance of non-cognitive, psychosocial factors and their relationship with academic performance. These factors are…

Student self-beliefs can shape their self-efficacy and influence achievement. Further, student self-beliefs can be influenced by teachers' own beliefs and expectations for their students. Yet, the relations between teacher expectations, teacher and student gender, student mathematics achievement outcomes and self-efficacy have been little…

Computational thinking skill is one of the basic skills required for every individual, such as reading and writing. For the development of CT, programming education is seen as the key. In the context of programming and CT relationship, it is very important to model individual characteristics and various affective variables with a holistic approach…

Emerging evidence attests to the need to intervene in young students' science motivation and achievement before their science motivation starts to dwindle. Heeding this call, we implemented a science utility value intervention for fifth and sixth graders in 23 classrooms (N = 550). Through five intervention sessions that consisted of diverse…

This study investigates the effect of programming courses on the computational thinking (CT) skills of elementary school students and the learning effectiveness of students from different backgrounds who are studying programming. We designed a OwlSpace programming course into an elementary school curriculum. Students in fourth and fifth grades…

This study provides a thorough psychometric evaluation of construct and criterion validity and measurement invariance of the promising Florence Bullying-Victimization Scales (FBVS). A special focus was devoted to the concurrent criterion validity of the victimization scale with regard to well-being and social self-efficacy. Exploratory and…

Today, it is of great importance to establish a workforce with knowledge and skills in fields such as science, technology, engineering, mathematics and education in order to reach the level of developed society. STEM, as an integrated educational approach, is known as one of the effective methods in teaching such knowledge and skills. However, the…

There are consistent correlations between mathematics achievement, attitudes, and anxiety, but the longitudinal relations among these constructs are not well understood nor are sex differences in these relations. To address this gap, mathematics achievement, attitudes, and anxiety were longitudinally assessed for 342 (169 boys) adolescents from…

The researchers investigated adolescent perceptions of school climate and academic self-efficacy over time for a group of Grade 7 through Grade 9 students. We followed 717 students in an ethnically diverse school district in a small town in northern Ohio from fall 2009 to spring 2011. Four waves of data collected in surveys each fall and spring…

Background and Context: A continued gender disparity has driven a need for effective interventions for recruiting girls to computer science. Prior research has demonstrated that middle school girls hold beliefs and attitudes that keep them from learning computer science, which can be mitigated through classroom design. Objective: This study…

The pervasiveness of racism in the U.S. and its negative relations with key development outcomes has led researchers to uncover mediators, of which this article argues efficacy should be considered. Self-efficacy, one's belief in their capability to accomplish a task or goal, can be measured in multiple domains of functioning and contexts to…

This study aims to determine the self-efficacy perception levels of secondary school 8th-grade students towards computational thinking skills and examine the self-efficacy perception levels towards computational thinking skills in various variables. The study emphasises that positive attitudes and perceptions are necessary for computational…