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Guo, Hongwen; Zhang, Mo; Deane, Paul; Bennett, Randy E. – Journal of Educational and Behavioral Statistics, 2019
We used an unobtrusive approach, keystroke logging, to examine students' cognitive states during essay writing. Based on data contained in the logs, we classified writing process data into three states: text production, long pause, and editing. We used semi-Markov processes to model the sequences of writing states and compared the state transition…
Descriptors: Writing Processes, Cognitive Processes, Essays, Keyboarding (Data Entry)