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Good, Ryan M.; Nelson, Katharine L. – Journal of Education Policy, 2021
In this paper, we study fundraising efforts for traditional public schools in Philadelphia by neighborhood-based 'friends' groups that have incorporated as independent 501(c)(3)s to support individual schools. We situate the growth of school-based fundraising efforts within the well-known social science literature on the shadow state and the…
Descriptors: Fund Raising, Public Schools, School Districts, Educational Change