There are four demonstrative adjectives in Spanish: "este,""ese,""aquel," and "el" (which is the same as the definite article). When "este", "ese," and "aquel" do not modify a noun, they have an accent mark (except in the neuter forms) and have the function of pronouns. The singular and plural articles in Spanish are derived from the Latin demonstrative pronouns. "Ese" in Spanish compares to the Latin "iste" and occasionally implies contempt, especially when placed after a noun. In other Spanish dialects (Leones and Aragones, for example) the demonstrative is expressed differently, but in each case the Spanish singular demonstrative was derived from the Latin nominative and the plural from the Latin plural accusative. Demonstratives were widely used in Medieval Spanish literature and changed little in usage from Medieval to modern times. In French, the use and form of the demonstratives were determined formally in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. Demonstratives were also used extensively in Medieval French literature, especially in romances and epics. However, in both Spanish and French, demonstratives show an even wider range in modern literature. Examples of the demonstrative in literary styles are given. (DS)