During the early Cold War, the United States and the Soviet Union used adult literacy education to wield influence in "Third World" countries. Frank C. Laubach, the "Apostle of Literacy," wrote prolifically about adult literacy and conducted and advised literacy campaigns in more than 100 countries, yet his work is understudied…

Historians of American foreign relations are continuing to expand the ways in which they approach the Cold War. The range of perspectives has evolved thanks to the influence of emerging fields and new emphases in history. The end of the Cold War revealed the many ways in which the conflict was a protracted global war. But it also brought a renewed…

The Cold War era, which spawned a mutual ideological confrontation between communist and capitalist countries, left its mark on all categories of media texts, including cartoons and animations. Cartoons were used by the authorities as tools for delivering the necessary confrontational ideological content in an attractive folkloric, fairy-tale…

On May 1, 2011, a group of U.S. soldiers boarded helicopters at a base in Afghanistan, hoping to find a man named Osama bin Laden. Bin Laden, the leader of the al Qaeda terrorist network, was responsible for a number of terrorist attacks around the world, including those of September 11, 2001, that killed nearly 3,000 people in the United States.…

On March 28-29, 2009, FPRI's Wachman Center hosted 43 teachers from across the country for a weekend of discussion on teaching the nuclear age. In his opening remarks, Walter A. McDougall observed that although students today are not made to crawl under their desks in air raid drills, that atomic power remains, and it is still necessary to raise a…

Describes how American foreign policy is affected by the complexity of global interrelatedness. It is no longer possible for American foreign policy decisions to be made unilaterally. Examples of how international linkages have influenced American relations with the U.S.S.R., the Middle East, China, and other areas are included. (AM)

The United States and China each play a vital role in the other's security strategy and share a desire to deter the Soviet Union from the use of force against other nations. Washington and Beijing Peking must stabilize their bilateral relations and hold regular consultations to understand each other's security strategy. (SR)

Discusses how the increasing Soviet dependence on American grain can be used to reduce international tensions. Soviet agricultural policies could affect worker morale and the entire Soviet political system. President Reagan is well-positioned to engage the Soviets in serious discussions of reductions in both nuclear and conventional weapons. (AM)

Presents a wide spectrum of views by scholars of Soviet Affairs regarding recent American policy and predictions for the future course of international relations between the two super powers. Experts are Adam B. Ulam (Harvard University), Robert F. Byrnes (Indiana University), Stephen F. Cohen (Princeton University), Alexander Yanov (University of…

Eugene Rostow (Yale University) and David Tarr (University of Wisconsin) present their views concerning the wisdom and validity of U.S. security policies, including SALT, and the adequacy of the country's political/military planning. Rostow, representing the views of the Committee on the Present Danger, believes that America is losing the…

For 40 years the primary objectives of U.S. policy in the Persian Gulf have been to assure access by the industrialized nations to the region's oil and to prevent those resources from falling under the control of the Soviet Union or any other hostile power. The recent events in Iran, the Iran-Iraq War and its aftermath, the maneuvering of a…

Summarizes a 1976 National Science Foundation (NSF) report on the overall organization of science in the Soviet Union, U.S. science policy as seen through Soviet eyes, Soviet technological performance, U.S.-Soviet technological interaction, and the value of machinery imports into the Soviet Union. (SL)

Examines the official Soviet attitude toward the roles of the United States and Israel in the Middle East conflict, as depicted in caricatures published in 44 important Soviet newspapers. (GW)

The primary source document reproduced here consists of the first two pages of a briefing notebook prepared for President Eisenhower outlining the issues to be raised with Soviet Premier Nikita Khrushchev during his visit to the United States in 1959. Teaching activities are suggested. (RM)

Outlines the recent developments in migration laws and political unrest with respect to Communist Soviet authority and United States policies toward Soviet refugees. Developments in the Baltic states, Moldavia, East Germany, Armenia, Azerbaijan, Ukraine, Hungary, and Czechoslovakia are discussed. (JS)