Concludes that more males than females read Canadian newspapers, and that persons between the ages of 30 and 49 are most likely to be nonreaders. (FL)

Field research in Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, and Indonesia indicates that only a relative handful of the world's nations are directly involved in collecting news from these countries; the research also reveals that vast regions of the Third World have little or no direct news-seeking contact with one another. (GT)

Reports results of a time-series analysis of daily newspaper circulation trends in South Africa for the years 1958 through 1977; notes that the significant finding is that newspaper circulation has barely kept pace with population growth. (GT)

Reports and analyzes responses of 73 newspersons in London and abroad who gather and process foreign news for the London "Times" to a questionnaire seeking information about the news criteria that govern their news choices. (GT)

Interviews official representatives of 58 nations to investigate their "inclination to control" the press. Finds the region most inclined to control the press is the Middle East, whereas regions least inclined are Western Europe and North America. (RS)

Examines environmental information source reliance among American and Japanese citizens. Finds that the Japanese are inclined to rely on non-mass media sources, whereas Americans exhibit greater differentiation among sources. (RS)

Presents a content analysis of Chinese newspapers before and after the Tiananmen Square protest. Shows that top leaders manipulated symbols given to the media and that these symbols rigorously highlighted the dominant ideology of the Chinese Communist Party and isolated participants of the 1989 Student Movement to legitimize the military…

Presents preliminary findings from a needs assessment study of undergraduate communication and media training in Singapore. Content analyzes 372 relevant employment ads for 1998 and 1999. Finds nearly 60% were for marketing research, public opinion polling or other kinds of applied research. Suggests an exploding demand for graduates with…

This special report discusses journalism in Germany, focusing especially on the training of journalists. The report is presented under the following headings: In retrospect (a brief description of journalism in the former East Germany); The media range in the Federal Republic of Germany; Journalist--a dream profession?; Freedom of the press and…

A study examined the situation of the public relations profession in Spain from the point of view of public relations agencies or consultancies, and of individuals in public relations. Forty-four individuals (of a target population of 100) and 26 public relations agencies or firms (of a target population of 40) responded to questionnaires and…

Addressing the dynamic and integrative nature of the world's press systems, this paper presents a comprehensive press theory and accompanying model. Three "primary motives"--survival, ideology, and market--are posited as determinants of press systems, using the nation state as the unit of analysis. The premises of the paper are: (1)…

A study examined the treatment of Chinese affairs in four American newspapers during December 1949, when China fell to Communism. Content analyses were conducted on issues of the "New York Times,""The Christian Science Monitor,""The Chicago Tribune," and "The St. Louis Post-Dispatch." Each of the 416…

A study examined the advertising of Japan and the United States to determine if commercial messages reflect the cultural values of a particular society, thereby indicating the need for specialized campaigns. It was hypothesized that the majority of Japanese advertisements would use the traditional appeals of group, consensus, soft sell, veneration…

The flow of international news was traced from the Associated Press (AP) interbureau and United Press International (UPI) state wires into 11 Indiana newspapers to determine (1) the comparative frequency of wire service news about nations of the more developed northern hemisphere and those of the less developed southern hemisphere, and (2) whether…

Reports on a study revealing that members of the Israeli Parliament elected after the 1973 Yom Kippur War showed a higher level of exposure to the news media, and a greater appreciation of the media's contribution to their knowledge of public opinion, than members elected before the war. (GW)