As Australian teachers negotiate a curriculum in which languages other than English assume the status of key learning area, and as the impact of this development becomes more tangible, language teachers will need to embrace change. Self-directed learning will be significant within this context and self-access packages will provide students with…

Examines the place of language study in the implementation of the statutory national curriculum in England's schools and studies teacher beliefs about the purpose and content of language study. The article argues that language education has been an area of confusion and that politicians' narrow definitions of language study have masked more…

Reviews current approaches to second-language syllabus design in the United Kingdom and proposes a model for planning a five-year course of study within the national curriculum framework that will take account of both the meanings a learner may wish to express and the grammatical knowledge needed, i.e., a model reconciling the semantic and…

Discusses the education system in Indonesia, the development of a national English syllabus, English in elementary and secondary schools and in higher education, private sector English courses, teacher preparation and professional development, and expatriate English teachers. (Author/VWL)

This article highlights major developments in the education of children with intellectual disabilities in light of an early review of progress and problems and subsequent reforms to the education system as a whole. Key issues include access to the National Curriculum, prospects for inclusive education, and implications for professional…

Considers the British 1988 Education Reform Act's reconceptualization of schooling and the associated process of curriculum reformulation in relation to equal opportunities. The particular focus of this article is sexual and racial inequality. Proposed curriculum reforms in mathematics, science, and English are examined within this context. (IAH)

Discusses the information technology requirements for 5- to 11-year-olds under the United Kingdom's 1988 Education Reform Act. Attainment targets set by the curriculum are described for English, mathematics, science, and design and technology, and knowledge and skills required of primary school teachers under the Act are explained. (seven…

Discusses how empathy is promoted in the United Kingdom's National Curriculum. Notes that the concept is ambiguous, especially as it is used in the subject of history. Describes how this concept impedes planning, teaching, and assessment. Suggests that understanding how children reason is more productive that making assumptions about how they…

Examines "The National Curriculum 5-16: A Consultation Document" that became law in 1988. Outlines the document's content and argues that the document offers solutions to various problems without demonstrating how the solutions address the problems. Raises some issues about the ownership and control of educational institutions. (GG)

Considers stages of development of technology in schools and teacher education programs; discusses the role of government in influencing the progress of technology in education based on experiences in the United Kingdom, including a national curriculum; and suggests that the political rationale for computers is based on economic and vocational…

British primary reform proposals are attempting to square current criticism of schools with a school-based teacher-training model. Development of the National Curriculum has exposed weaknesses in elementary teachers' subject and curricular knowledge. Teacher-education issues include balance among subject, curriculum, and pedagogical studies; the…

Discusses the purposes of assessment of outdoor education in the context of the British national curriculum. Describes objectives of outdoor education: teaching problem solving, awareness of effects of one's actions on others and the environment, and concern for the safety of self and others. Asserts that outdoor educators must help participants…

This article reviews the rise of Individualized Education Programs (IEPs) in Great Britain, exposes problems presented by the behavioral objectives model and its associated IEPs, introduces the process model as an alternative, and outlines the shift from a product approach to a holistic, process approach in curriculum planning. (Author/JDD)

Poland is in the midst of sweeping educational reform, including reform of inservice teacher education. The system is abandoning totalitarianism for democracy. Most Polish teachers are specialized in only one subject, and there are surpluses of teachers in some subjects, so inservice education is focusing on helping teachers change specialties.…

The English education system is undergoing radical change initiated by central government. Extensive delegation of financial control to the school level has been paralleled by introduction of a national curriculum and open enrollment. This paper explains England's educational finance structure and the central government's interest in delegated…