British laws on education and sex discrimination do not afford girls equality of education. However, Britain's integration into the European Economics Community (EEC) may result in liberalization of laws as a result of European influence. (DM)

In the first wave of participation in Modern Apprenticeships in Britain, 89% were male, only 3% were ethnic minorities. Ethnic and gender exclusion has been central to apprenticeship structure in both Britain and the United States. However, the pattern in the United States has begun to change due to affirmative action. (SK)

It is argued that annual reports required of Australian higher education institutions by the national affirmative action agency are inadequate to remedy the problem of employment discrimination. It is proposed that the problem is more complex, and more relevant information and detailed analysis is needed to make meaningful policy changes. (MSE)

This monograph explores some of the explanations commonly proffered to justify the existing pattern of academic women's employment in Australian universities. The research, data, and explanations in this monograph address the university area of the higher education sector only. It examines the adequacy of some of the explanations given for women's…

Sex discrimination in employment is analyzed based on definitions developed through antidiscrimination legislation in Australia. Experiences at one university are used to illustrate how discrimination manifests and perpetuates itself in a cycle of attitudes, acts, and outcomes. Substantial data on employment patterns and practices are presented.…

Women in developing countries carry out three-quarters of all work in rural areas, are often exposed to great health risks through frequent childbirth, and are disadvantaged compared with men in education and training. Modernization has burdened women with new responsibilities and more work but has improved health care. The economic and social…

This paper explains the social and legal contexts that affect the status and employment of women in education in Australia. It examines data on women in educational management at all levels, with a focus on the tertiary sector. Methodology involved document analysis of the affirmative action plans submitted by 6 government school systems, 6…

Despite the current need for strong leadership skills to facilitate task achievement, individual development, and social action in an increasingly complex society, women are failing to make significant headway in educational administration. Lack of leadership opportunities for women limits both individual and organizational potential. The problem…

Issues concerning the participation of women in college administration in Australia are presented in this conference report. Of concern were structural and attitudinal barriers to greater participation of women in educational management and the role of government in fostering equal opportunity. Included are an overview of the conference,…

This report presents findings of a survey of female staff members (secretaries, administrative assistants, clerks, matrons, psychoeducational consultants, teachers' aides, etc) in order to gain statistical evidence on which to build programs and formulate recommendations to improve their working conditions. Questionnaires were used in the survey…

The participation of women in higher education in the United Kingdom since 1920 is examined in terms of changes in women's rates of participation as undergraduate and graduate students and as faculty and at the possible reasons for changes in rates. Focus is on class rather than sex discrimination, policy changes, and overall funding changes in…

Australian universities are surveyed to determine the proportion of female appointments and the appointments of candidates with non-Australian degrees. Evidence is presented that shows both groups are underrepresented, and partial explanations are offered. (JSR)

Delivered at a conference on women in British education, this collection of papers demonstrates with statistical evidence and close argument the extent of discrimination against women in higher education. "The Place of Women in the Changing Pattern of Further Education" by Eileen Byrne looks at women as they leave school at the secondary…

The Dutch government's national policy on equal educational opportunities combines equal opportunities and difference/equivalence approaches and overlooks necessary changes to the gender inequality-producing educational system. The Inner London (England) Education Authority's (ILEA's) local policy combines egalitarian and radical terminologies,…

Examines how the European Convention on Human Rights and its case law could combat sexist education and develop concepts of philosophical convictions, the European Community's duty, and children's rights. Considers feminist strategies for improving girls' education, English and European procedural laws, and difficulties of using English law. (RLC)