This paper illustrates how a methodological tool called "drawing-voice" can be used to demonstrate qualitatively what statistical and policy data are not able to reveal regarding the educational realities of Hmong minority communities in northern Vietnam, particularly with regard to the role of local language and culture in school. This…

Narratives of Hmong immigrants tell about their lives before they came to the United States and what their lives have become after their arrival. The book is based on interviews with 53 Hmong immigrants, although not all are included in their entirety. The chapters are: (1) "The Village"; (2) "The Escape"; (3) "The Camp"; (4) "To a Promised Land";…

In the St. Paul, Minnesota public schools, "pullout" teaching is frowned upon. Instead, "collaboration" is the favored method when it comes to teaching English-language learners. For three of the past four years, the district has made adequate yearly progress for its English-language learners under the federal No Child Left…