The French Revolution bears an ironic responsibility for generating works of charity. To counteract the devastating social effects of that late 18th century uprising, numerous religious communities were founded in France, among them the Congregation of Holy Cross. The Congregation of Holy Cross, the founding religious community behind the…

Focuses on the influences of British Anglican, Catholic, and Wesleyan clergy in elementary schools during latter 19th century. Concludes that Anglican and Catholic clergy affected elementary education far more than Wesleyan clergy did because they who frequently travelled circuits. Wesleyan and Nonconformist schools gave more authority to the…

The focus of this article is on leadership in primary schools and the author argues and provides some evidence that the leadership of the headteacher can make a dramatic difference and raise standards in a school. This is in sharp contrast to the rather tentative conclusions of previous academic research. The author also argues that school…