For many years, professional career counseling practice has been based on psychological rather than sociological theories. This paper argues that sociological theories, particularly those of French sociologist Pierre Bourdieu (P. Bourdieu and L. Wacquant, 1992) are important for the framework of the counselor. (Author/JDM)

This study investigates sudden changes in the consultee-centered case consultation method. Three types of sudden changes in consultation were identified: (1) turnings, (2) turning points, and (3) shifts. The first part of this study explores the turning of the consultee's representation of his/her interaction to the client. The second part…