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Direct linkMaksud Ali, MD; Hamid, M. Obaidul; Hardy, Ian; Khan, M. Adil – Comparative Education Review, 2023
This article draws on a framework based on Bernstein's three-message systems of schooling and Ball's notion of policy cycle to examine how the human capital development goal incorporated into the Bangladesh secondary English curriculum has been translated into pedagogy and assessment practices. Data were collected from classroom observations and…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Secondary Education, English (Second Language), Second Language Instruction
Lee, Huan Yik; Hamid, M. Obaidul; Hardy, Ian – International Journal of Multilingualism, 2023
Over the past few decades, many Southeast Asian governments have promoted English language education (hereafter ELE) as a linguistic pathway for developing human capital and improving global economic competitiveness of their nations. However, Kirkpatrick (2017. Language education policy among the Association of South East Asian Nations (ASEAN).…
Descriptors: Language of Instruction, Educational Policy, English (Second Language), Second Language Learning
Hardy, Ian; Heikkinen, Hannu; Pennanen, Matti; Salo, Petri; Kiilakoski, Tomi – Policy Futures in Education, 2021
This article examines the nature of neoliberal influences upon educational policy making in the Finnish education system in recent times. The article draws upon key policy documents, government reports, journal articles and media articles about reforms in the early childhood, basic/compulsory school and vocational education and training sectors to…
Descriptors: Educational Policy, Educational Change, Vocational Education, Neoliberalism
