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Hale, Sandra; Goodman-Delahunty, Jane; Martschuk, Natalie – Interpreter and Translator Trainer, 2019
In most countries, it is not compulsory to be trained to work as an interpreter in community settings. A comparison across jurisdictions reveals that different requirements exist, from a simple self-evaluation of language competence, to passing a certification or accreditation test. Even in countries where certification or accreditation systems…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Translation, Bilingualism, Competence

Hale, Sandra; Gibbons, John – Applied Linguistics, 1999
Presents results of a detailed analysis of courtroom transcripts involving Spanish-English interpreting by four interpreters in Sydney, Australia, where consistent changes in the interpreted versions were found. Discusses omission of substantial diminution of reference to the courtroom reality in interpreted discourse and changes in tenor that may…
Descriptors: Court Litigation, Discourse Analysis, English (Second Language), Foreign Countries

Hale, Sandra – 1996
Thirty-eight dialogues are presented, each illustrating a common, real-life interpreting situation involving medical and/or legal issues and terminology. Each involves both Spanish and English languages, and the situations are specific to New South Wales, Australia. They are designed to be used as a resource in teaching interpreting. The…
Descriptors: Counselor Client Relationship, Dialogs (Language), English, Foreign Countries
Hale, Sandra – 1995
A study investigated the attitudes of bilinguals toward each language and toward language mixing (codeswitching), expressions of identity, and how this relates to linguistic behavior. Subjects were 15 undergraduate students of Spanish-English interpreting and translation at an Australian university whose age (19-53), language proficiency, and…
Descriptors: Bilingualism, Code Switching (Language), English (Second Language), Foreign Countries