To show how a subject's memory of previous responses and their outcomes affects responding, as in Buchwald's cognitive model, the subject in the present study had to recall his previous response and its outcome before choosing the correct response. (Editor/RK)

This study is concerned with the transfer of learned helplessness from one aversive motivator, shock, to another, frustration. (Author)

This study highlights some theoretical ideas which should be considered in attempting to assess the degree of abstraction underlying conceptual learning. (Author/RK)

If animals receive inescapable electric shocks, their subsequent avoidance-escape learning is poor. This phenomenon, which can be called "the interference effect", was studied in four experiments. (Editor)

In Thorndikian experiments, Ss have performed better on Trial 2 when they were told whether Trial 1 responses were right or wrong on Trial 2 than when given this information immediately after each response on Trial 1. Authors reexamined these experiments. (Editor/RK)

The three experiments reported in this article were concerned with the question of how response factors influence the process of stimulus encoding. (Author)

Stimulus analyzer theory as proposed by Sutherland and Mackintosh (1971) makes the unique prediction that the first-experienced reinforcement schedule will influence resistance to extinction more than subsequent schedules. Results presently reported of runaway acquisition and extinction indicate the opposite: C-P consistently produce substantially…

Individual items were tested for old-new and right-wrong identifications following one, two, or four study trials on a multiple-item recognition learning task. The pattern found for functional identifications suggests that frequency cues may be supplemented by other kinds of cues that enhance identifications of items in terms of their prior study…

Assesses the influence of rehearsal on recognition reaction times for items from target lists of a length exceeding the span of immediate memory. Also determines what effect, if any, the length of the target list has on recognition latencies that involve only retrieval from inactive memory. (Author/RK)

These experiments attempt to optimize the possibility of demonstrating blocking in a taste-aversion paradigm and to elucidate the conditions under which this interference occurs. (Author/RK)

To complement investigations of the direct effects of lithium toxicosis on consummatory behavior, these experiments were designed to determine the aftereffects on drinking of exposure to a conditioned stimulus previously paired with lithium. (Author/RK)

In four different experiments, brief illumination of a localized visual stimulus was followed by grain presentation unless the pigeon approached the light. Results indicate that although response-reinforcer relations do play a role, stimulus-reinforcer contingencies are the dominant factor in establishing and maintaining approaches to the…

Analyzes the temporal features of the transient unconditioned stimulus preexposure effect observed by Cannon (EJ 123 672) and attempts to determine whether a preconditioned stimulus toxin presentation can both condition a backward taste aversion and interfere with the development of a forward aversion. (Author/RK)

These experiments are addressed specifically to the question of whether transituational transfer of immunizing and therapeutic effects will occur when these procedures involve responses and settings which are very different from those used in final testing. (Author/RK)

It has been demonstrated that instructions to learn have no effect on immediate recall in the incidental learning paradigm used by Jenkins (1974). This research further investigated this finding by factorially manipulating recall instructions (incidental vs. intentional learning), presentation rate of materials, retention interval, and type of…