The U.S. R&D enterprise relies on businesses, federal and nonfederal governments, higher education institutions, and other nonprofit organizations. This report identifies trends in R&D performance and funding and compares them to those of the world's other major economies. The U.S. annual total of R&D has expanded steadily since 2010…

The use of hydraulic fracturing ('fracking') to extract oil or gas from shales is a subject of controversy. There are many scientific questions about the risks associated with the technique, and much research remains to be done. ReFINE (Researching Fracking In Europe) is a research consortium led by Newcastle University and Durham University in…

Collaboration is a modern mantra of the neoliberal university and part of a discourse allied to research performativity quantitatively measured via co-authorship. Yet, beyond the metrics and the positive rhetoric collaboration is a complex and paradoxical concept. Academic staff are exhorted to collaborate, particularly in respect to research…

This paper focuses on a generational change taking place in the Polish academic profession: a change in behaviors and attitudes between two groups of academics. One was socialized to academia under the communist regime (1945-1989) and the other entered the profession in the post-1989 transition period. Academics of all age groups are beginning to…

Funding of academic research in Nigerian universities by Government (5 per cent recurrent grants) is a policy dictated by the National Universities Commission (NUC) as the central body for allocating research funds. This research fund, little as it is, is irregular and inadequate and to make it worse is difficult to access. These aforementioned…

At present, substantial research funding for agriculture departments in British research universities is not forthcoming. Present policies could widen the divide between pure and applied sciences and between scientific education for agricultural scientists and technical education for agricultural generalists. (SK)

Discusses the 1993 British government White Paper "Realising Our Potential," which advocated closer cooperation by government, higher education, and the private sector in science and technology. It supports the White Paper's emphasis on increased funding for research and development (R&D) but criticizes its inattention to the low…

This collection of conference papers includes contributions from the United Kingdom and the United States on the research function of higher education. Part 1 considers the national systems, focusing on three subthemes: past and present trends, issues in funding research, and connections with industry. Papers include: "The Dynamics of…

The report summarizes a conference on the state of British higher education which took place closely following publication of the Dearing Report (Summer 1997) on the role of colleges and universities in labor force and economic development. An introductory section gives an overview of enrollment trends, the funding system, public policy concerning…