There is a paucity of research on what constitutes an ideal special education field experience, and it is not clear which components or activities within a field experience impact a teacher's growth to the greatest extent. Reviewing past research will assist in categorizing the components typically included in field experiences and may assist in…

Investigates the supervision practices of field based and university supervisors of school psychology interns in the United States. Findings reveal a highly qualified group of supervisors who met the standards set forth by the National Association of School Psychologists (NASP). Although the field based and university intern supervisors' shared…

A recommendation is made for a six-year program of initial teacher preparation--five years of campus-based, but field-oriented, preparation followed by a sixth year of supervised internship with provision for follow-up of beginning teachers in their first year of regular employment. The following aspects of this topic are discussed: (1) needs and…

The need to prepare social work administrators for the field is now recognized. Problems pertaining to the development of administration placements are identified and special arrangements are suggested that require a departure from traditional field instruction models and school-agency relationships. (Author/MLW)

Recent literature suggests gender-based problems in the supervision of counselor trainees that may have applications for human services. Gender, relationships, sexuality, and power issues should be a part of the training of male and female supervisors. Safeguards are needed to ensure ethical supervisory relationships with students as programs…

Literature on clinical experiences in educational administration programs is reviewed along with materials collected from University Council for Educational Administration (UCEA) member institutions. Focus is on materials that support the value of structured clinical experiences. A framework for clinical experiences is developed, which is based on…

Educational reform commissions and state departments of education across the United States have recommended that would-be administrators spend more time in planned field experiences, internships, and other practica and on-the-job learning activities. Despite this need, systematic research on experiential learning for administrators is remarkably…

The chronology of ideas and events that nurtured the development of field-based experience to train educational leaders is presented. The philosophical and intellectual foundations upon which field experience is based are identified. Field-based experience is a supervised on-the-job learning approach that is conducted in such ways as internships,…

Asserts that although undergraduate geography internships are widespread throughout the United States, few schools require them for the major. Profiles the program at Illinois State University that requires an internship. Student and intern sponsor evaluations suggest that the program is a success. (MJP)

Discussion of the growing use of practicums and field experience in college programs as a means of preparing students for the world of work looks at ways in which the practicum is conceptualized, implemented, and evaluated. Shortcomings are identified, research into the role of supervision is recommended, appropriate learning objectives are…

A literature review reveals differing conceptions of the learning outcomes achieved through practicums (workplace learning) in professional education. Five distinct approaches to student assessment are examined. Integration of the practicum with the instructional program provides opportunities for students to bring together a range of knowledge…

A review of the literature on the use of the workplace as a learning site in vocational education identified alternative models used to combine workplace learning with school-based programs and identified a framework and criteria for evaluating programs using the workplace as part of their instructional process. Although there is some evidence…