Organizing the world into masculine and feminine categories is a process called "gender schematicity." High gender schematicity has been linked with children's inclination to self-select out of certain learning opportunities that they deem gender-inappropriate. This study examined gender schematicity among kindergartners and…

Investigated the influences of gender and individual differences in psychological masculinity and femininity on the achievement and interpersonal strivings, abilities, and self-concepts of 176 college students. Results indicated that psychological masculinity and femininity are better predictors of strivings and self-concepts in the achievement…

A study of masculinity and femininity characteristics and levels of self-esteem of female graduate nursing students found that students in high masculine/low feminine and high masculine/high feminine categories had higher self-esteem than students in low masculine/low feminine and low masculine/high feminine categories. (Author/MJL)

Investigates self-esteem, psychological masculinity and femininity, and attitudes toward women of female athletes in an attempt to examine the validity of various stereotypes and to investigate potential subgroup distinctions based on sport played, level of commitment to athletics, and experience. (Author)

Investigated the relationship between Japanese college students' gender role identity and attitudes toward marriage, exploring the effects of gender-segregated school backgrounds on gender role identity and attitudes toward marriage. Women without any coeducational school background had relatively strong masculinity and desired to marry at older…

Considers the direct and interactive relationships between three sex role variables and Type A/Type B behavior in college students of both sexes. The following measures were taken: (1) Type A behavior; (2) sex role behavior; (3) gender-schema; and (4) stress. (JS)

For four studies, which provide modest support for the view that depression and stereotypes of certain classes of women are similar, overlapping categories are presented. Implications of these studies for the gender role hypothesis of depression are discussed, along with suggestions for future research. (Author/BJV)

This study examined masculinity and femininity in adult male (n=75) and female (n=38) perpetrators of child sexual abuse. Results did not support the hypothesis that perpetrators of either sex would be more masculine and less feminine than nonclinical adult groups. Findings suggested a trend opposite the predicted direction. (DB)

Analyzed sex-role identities of 125 male and female college students who later completed programs in education. Findings showed that reporting of feminine attributions was virtually equal for elementary and secondary teachers, but reporting of masculine attributions was significantly higher for secondary teachers. (Author/PVV)

The expression of children's concepts of sex-roles was explored by examining changes in the masculinity and femininity of human figure drawings of males and females. A total of 106 sixth-grade students participated in two Draw-a-Person sessions. In the drawing task, persons to be drawn were either specified in terms of gender or unspecified as to…

Despite recent research showing men capable of nurturing behavior, most men remain reluctant to care for children. Some researchers have suggested that men are fearful of nurturing as a result of traditional sex role socialization while others have suggested an increased role of external factors in explaining the lack of men in child care (pay,…

The Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI) has come under much criticism relating to the interpretation of the masculinity and femininity scales upon which its four sex role types are based. To investigate the masculinity-femininity construct using the BSRI under standard self-description instructions and under self-description instructions in one of two…

Shostrom (1971) has identified a type of marriage in which self-actualizing couples do not simply accept their socially defined roles, but instead develop personality traits and values that are consistent with their own psychological health and that of the couple relationship. Antill (1983) found evidence for the importance of high scores in…

Items from the Femininity (Fe) scale of the California Psychological Inventory were assigned to two logically independent subscales: Feminine Tendency (Ft) and Masculine Tendency (Mt). Architects (n=40) nominated as exceptionally creative and their colleagues (n=43) scored higher than unnominated controls (n=41) on Ft but were not significantly…

Male and female college students were assessed on measures of ego identity development, intimacy development, and sex role orientation. For both males and females, identity was related to masculinity; also, there were more high-intimacy females than males. This low identity-high intimacy finding in women is discussed with respect to proposed…