Because of their racial ambiguity in the United States, Asian Americans have been constructed historically to be both like and unlike Black and White people, and Asian American men have been both hypermasculinized and feminized, just as Asian American women have been both masculinized and hyperfeminized. (SLD)

Concludes that raising awareness of dominance does not necessarily imply the dismissal of dominant group values. States that what is needed is a critical analysis of the complexity, subtlety, and systemic interrelatedness and embeddedness of dominant beliefs, values, and standards in western, democratic societies. (DAJ)

Homosexual, bisexual, and transgendered students; effeminate heterosexual males; and masculine heterosexual females are among the most marginalized and harassed in high school. Many develop negative self-concepts, which increases their risk for self-harm and suicide. The origin of this problem is social homophobia, which fuels aggression against…

Two experiments examined toddlers' knowledge of the stereotyping of traditionally feminine and masculine household activities. Results suggest that knowledge about stereotyping adult activities starts to develop by the age of 24 months and common household activities are among the first gender-typed activities included in children's developing…

Compared the pronouns he, she, and they with he/she alternating to examine children's recall and gender interpretation of stories. Children read stories about ambiguous characters called by varying pronouns and enjoying stereotypically masculine, feminine, or neutral activities. Recall was higher for girls, older children, and children hearing…

Explored the effects on college students' mood and body image of a negative versus positive outcome in an opposite-sex, competitive peer interaction. Used one gender-neutral and one gender stereotypical task. There were no gender differences in reactions to winning or losing gender-neutral competitions, except marginally for depression. The…

This paper starts from the idea that children learn and construct gendered identities within local communities of masculinity and femininity practice, including peer communities. The data presented come from an ESRC-funded study of tomboy identities, which investigated the enabling and constraining factors for girls in taking up and maintaining…

An investigation was made of the relationship between sex-role orientation (as measured by the Bem Sex Role Inventory) and responsiveness in infant care (as determined by observations on the Nursing Child Assessment Feeding Scale). Subjects participating in the study consisted of 44 father/infant dyads. It was hypothesized that androgynous fathers…

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between masculinity, feminity, and androgyny and measures of sexual behavior, attitudes and knowledge. Sexual attitudes and knowledge were assessed by use of the Sexual Knowledge and Attitudes Test, and sexual behavior was assessed by means of the Sexual Experiences Inventory. Subjects…

Bem's measures of Masculinity, Femininity, and the absolute value of her androgyny measure were analyzed by the principal-components method with the Masculinity-Femininity scales from the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, the California Psychological Inventory, the Omnibus Personality Inventory, and the Need for Heterosexuality scale of…

Considers the following dimensions of attributional models: (1) responsibility for causes of problems, and (2) for solutions to problems. Finds a significant association between femininity and low internal attribution of responsibility for problem solving. Discusses results in terms of sex role and gender differences in help seeking. (Author/LHW)

A study of sex-role identification partly confirmed two hypotheses: (1) the social relationships of late childhood have attributes which encourage the feminine stereotype rather than the masculine stereotype; and (2) children of both sexes who attest to masculine characteristics feel higher levels of discordance than those who attest to female…

Explores the differences in masculinity-femininity between women who enroll in higher level mathematics courses and those who do not. Contrasts personality traits, attitudes, and role behaviors of the two groups of women. Results indicate that the two groups differ on a number of variables including background and vocational interests. (Author/SA)

This study examined gender-based differential item functioning (DIF) on the 10th-grade history achievement test administered as part of the National Education Longitudinal Study of 1988 (NELS:88), which followed 24,599 8th graders into 10th and 12th grades. Several DIF analyses with varying matching criteria were conducted, and the results were…

Psychological and physiological stress indices were taken from collegiate swimmers of both sexes. Later a scale of self-reported masculinity and femininity was administered. Males had higher systolic blood pressure but lower self-reported anxiety and hostility with the stress of competition. Differences in relative masculinity/femininity allow…