Determines whether the gender identities of African American male and female middle-class subjects are the same as the gender identities of their Anglo-American counterparts. Responses from a total of 1,740 individuals from both races reveal Anglo-American have a greater tendency to find gender-appropriate traits to be self-descriptive. (GR)

Three studies explore similarities between attachment style typologies and sex role typologies. Both are defined by pairs of dimensions: self model and other model (attachment styles); masculinity, or agency, and femininity, or communion (sex role orientations). Discusses results. (KW)

As couples choose to have fewer children, to have their first child later in their adult life, or to remain childfree, there is growing interest in the antecedents of these fertility choices. To examine the hypothesis that couples who choose to remain childfree have less traditional sex-role orientations than couples who choose to become parents…

TO UNDERSTAND STEREOTYPIC ITEMS IN MASCULINITY-FEMININITY (MF) SCALES (ITEMS THOUGHT TO DISCRIMINATE THE SEXES BUT SHOWING NO SEX DIFFERENCE), THE EDWARDS PERSONALITY INVENTORY (EPI) WAS ADMINISTERED TO 398 SUBJECTS UNDER MALE AND FEMALE INSTRUCTIONAL SETS. THESE INSTRUCTIONS CREATED SEX DIFFERENCES IN 13 OF 14 EPI SCALES, PRODUCING ON FIVE…

The relationship between movement, masculinity, and femininity is examined. Two connections are seen between movement and gender: movement as an expression of personality and movement as a medium for expressing personality. A survey of the literature is presented discussing society's concept of accepted sex role behavior. A study is reported in…

Examines achievement behavior of women in relation to their masculinity-femininity of self-concept and the mediating effects of the situation. While feminine women did not perform more poorly when competing against lower ability males than against lower ability females, very feminine women were more ambivalent about competing successfully than…

Examination of self-descriptions of 1,623 undergraduates (collectedd in 1958-64, 1970-74, and 1977-82) failed to support the prevailing assumption that masculinity and femininity develop independently. Rather, a positive relation was found between the presence of masculine and feminine traits within the same individual even when gender and state…

This study investigated the dimensions of sex role orientation measured by the revised Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; S. Bem, 1974) and the revised Personal Attributes Questionnaire (PAQ; J. Spence, R. Helmreich, and J. Strapp, 1975). Participants were 651 undergraduates in introductory psychology courses. The sample was approximately 50% male and…

Research on sex role concepts among young children found that: 1) the overlap children saw between male and female characteristics increased with age; 2) girls were less sex-typed than boys; 3) the realization that sex remains constant was associated with decreased sex typing; and 4) adults were seen in less sex-typed terms than peers. (Author/MJL)

Four groups of women differing in psychological masculinity and femininity as measured by the Personal Attributes Questionnaire, participated in two laboratory situations designed to measure their typical and maximal dominance expression. (Author/MP)

The present study addressed the question of whether persons' implicit personality theories include the notion that the possession of masculine and feminine characteristics tend to preclude each other so that the two clusters of attributes are perceived to be negatively correlated. The results confirm the hypothesis. (Author)

In the first of two studies, the number of feminine women and androgynous men in the oldest age category was found to increase. This suggests that each gender may become more feminine with age. In the second study, a majority of people remained in the same gender-role category over a 10-year period. (BC)

Investigated the portrayal of gender characteristics in elementary school textbooks, particularly masculine and feminine stereotypes, examining first, third, and fifth grade literature textbooks using an evaluative instrument based on the Bem Sex Role Inventory. Despite publisher's guidelines and Title IX, males are still portrayed primarily in a…

While recent research has examined some qualities that are related to marital adjustment, none has examined personal development variables that might be expected to significantly relate to marital adjustment and to gender-role self-concept. A study was conducted to examine relationships among gender-role self-concepts, personal development, and…

To examine relationships between masculinity-femininity, presence of same or opposite sex sibling, and accuracy of cross-sex role-taking, 92 male and female undergraduates classified the 20 items comprising Smith's Masculinity-Femininity Scale according the sex-role characteristics. (Author)