This research captures early childhood educators' (ECEs') perspectives when communicating with families about their children's diverse gender expression. Since families and ECEs play a pivotal role in shaping young children's understandings of gender it is necessary to learn more about ECEs' communications with families. The data that informs this…

With the exponential advancement of technology, global sharing, industrialization and economic development, national and global cultures are becoming more collective. More importantly, this fundamental paradigm shift is affecting national and global educational leadership cultures. Therefore, the power/distance index (PDI); individualism versus…

This study investigated whether peer victimization and gender nonconformity are connected for both pre- and early adolescent boys and girls. 462 predominantly white, middle-class students from Grade 5-9 provided self-reports of victimization (physical, verbal, and relational) and gender nonconformity, as well as peer nominations of gender…

A study of 12 emergency, 27 operating, 25 intensive care, and 22 psychiatric nurses in Canada demonstrated that, although gender roles appeared androgynous, the masculine component of nursing was more valued and rewarded. High masculinity was associated with higher pay, high femininity with low experience. Gender roles represented complex…

Investigated the relationship between gender and gender role of students and their "best" university professors. Surveys of Canadian college students indicated that there was a strong relationship between students' gender and gender role and the gender and perceived gender role of their best instructors. Masculinity was valued more by…

Reports on a study of the perceived masculinity, femininity, or androgyny of young Canadian boys and teacher attitudes toward those students. Concludes that students whom teachers perceived as masculine were more likely to be labeled aggressive, whereas more apparently feminine or androgynous boys were seen by teachers as more prosocial. (SG)

Children of 4 to 10 years of age were told about children whose sex was not specified and who had a masculine or feminine toy or characteristic. Results indicated that children first learn characteristics relevant to their own sex, and that older children's stereotypic judgments about gender are more extreme than those of younger children. (BC)

Masculinity (M) and femininity (F) were related to multiple dimensions of self-concept (SC) for responses to the: Bem Sex Role Inventory and the Self Description Questionnaire III (SDQ-III) by 898 Canadian university students (61% female) in Study 1, and Australian Sex-Role Scale and the SDQ-II by 1,858 Australian high school students (49% female)…