Although there are many reasons for why women are so scarce in top positions in education, including top positions in the Education Division of the Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, a primary one is sex discrimination in hiring and promotion. Women are discouraged, in the Education Division, and elsewhere in the profession, from…

This paper reviews the literature on the psychological and social processes involved in the integration of women into management positions. The author concentrates on two areas. First is the entry of women into management (including women's career choices, choice of organization, and the effects of these choices on the organization. These effects…

Focuses on the employment of women administrators by the New York City Board of Education from 1972 to 1981. Analyzes the influence of numerous difficulties--political, legislative, and administrative--on the effectiveness of Title IX. Concludes that, without revisions in policy design and management, the law is condemned to ineffectuality. (KH)

A recent United States Supreme Court Case, County of Washington v. Gunther, examined issues related to sex-based wage discrimination, as defined by federal statutes. The positions of the respondent and petitioner and majority and minority views of the court are presented. (PP)

Two contrasting trends concerning gender and racial wage levels for U.S. workers emerged in the 1980s. The first trend, which is gender-related, is that women made tremendous gains in their wages relative to those of men: in 1978 women earned 61 percent as much as men, while by 1990 that figure rose to 72 percent. Furthermore, these gains extended…

Despite the efforts of the California Community Colleges (CCCs) during the past 15 years to increase the enrollment and employment of ethnic minorities and women, the data today reveal that the CCCs have no better representation of these groups in 1986 than they had in 1970. To address this issue, the Board of Governors of the CCCs and the…

The purpose of this discussion is to examine the response of various organizations to Affirmative Action mandates, and to point up instances of practices which have met with both success and near failure. Since colleges and universities have seemingly grown more like big business and industry, they have become more political in their orientation…

A history of the employment of women in the Department of State and the Foreign Service is presented. Thirteen chapters consider the status of American women from 1776 to the present; women in the Department and at international conferences, 1800-1940; applicants and employees for overseas employment, 1851-1943; the Foreign Service examinations;…

Statistical data is presented in this report to show that the State supported universities and community colleges of Kentucky had an underrepresentation of blacks among tenured and non-tenured faculty at all universities but Kentucky State in 1977. It is pointed out that there was only slight progress, or no progress at all, at the traditionally…

The practical application of federal employment discrimination policy as fashioned and implemented by regulations under the Labor Department's Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs (OFCCP) is assessed in this report designed as a practitioner's guide. To comply with the regulations, each facility must perform various statistical analyses…

Considers the underrepresentation of women and minorities in community colleges, discussing barriers that have these groups out of administrative positions. Underscores the importance of leadership and vision in removing these barriers. Identifies inclusionary practices of community colleges, graduate programs, and professional organizations that…

A study investigated hiring practices of departments of media communication. Questions were asked about the current distribution of ethnic minorities and women in media communication departments; what policies guide affirmative-action in hiring in the field; whether actual minorities and women hires accurately represent efforts to hire; and what…

This brief has the following contents: statistics on the number of women in nontraditional occupations, summary of legislation about women and employment, barriers inhibiting the entry of women into nontraditional training and employment, and strategies to overcome barriers to women entering nontraditional work settings. The statistics section…

This document contains witness testimonies and prepared statements from the Senate hearing held in Cleveland, Ohio to examine issues dealing with work and retirement policy and how they affect older women. Opening statements are presented from Senator John Glenn and Congresswoman Mary Rose Oakar. Witnesses providing testimony include: (1) Harvey…

This volume contains 12 papers commissioned by the Panel on Technology and Women's Employment. "Technology, Women, and Work: Policy Perspectives" (Eli Ginzberg) is an overview that provides a context for the volume. The four case studies in Part II describe the impact of information technology in the insurance industry, among bookkeepers, among…