Focuses on equal opportunities--for education, pay, and with gender bias for individuals and business organizations. Suggests that business educators can expand the implications to include ethnic-based inequalities as well. (JOW)

Examines two decades of affirmative action and finds the number of women in decision-making positions disproportionately low when compared to their numbers in the public work force. Compares the status of women to that of men in career public management positions and argues that women have a way to go to reach parity. (Author)

Women Working Technical is a six-month training course to place women in entry-level jobs in electronics. It was designed for women who are displaced homemakers, single parents, and/or recipients of public assistance. (JOW)

There have been numerous lawsuits within higher education brought by females over pay inequity and many articles have been written on the topic. Although not as prevalent, there have been some recent instances where male faculty have claimed--with some degree of success--that the process used by their institutions to make salary adjustments for…

This report presents information from 11 hearings in five California cities on pay inequities affecting many working women. It begins with a general discussion of the wage gap as a persistent fact of life. Causes of differences in male/female pay are considered, including gender segregation in jobs, labor market conditions, employee…

The primary objective of this paper is to describe a method of estimating female-male wage ratios. The estimating technique presented is two stage least squares (2SLS), in which equations are estimated for both men and women. After specifying and estimating the wage equations, the male-female wage differential is calculated that would remain if…

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that women do not receive occupational rewards commensurate with their achievement, rewards that are allocated to equally qualified men. The analysis of discrimination is directed toward 3 problems: (1) to what extent are women denied occupational rewards that, according to achievement ideology, they…

Issues relating to the employment of women on a part-time basis are discussed in this article. The price that women who work part-time are now paying and the potential impact of broadening the range of occupations in which part-time schedules are available are estimated. (Author/GC)

Considered the historic answers to the question of what determines relative wages and wage discrimination. (Author/RK)

Argues that sex discrimination has depressed salaries for jobs filled primarily by women. Shows that under the Equal Pay Act and Title VII, workers in traditionally female occupations can establish equal pay claims. Suggests approaches for developing legal and enforcement standards to deal with discriminatory compensation in traditionally female…

This article examines some unpublished survey data which document the magnitude of earnings differences between men and women in the Soviet Union. Factors contributing to these differences are discussed. (Author/EB)

Although college-educated Black women and White women have very similar earnings, substantial economic differences still exist between college-educated Black men and White men. (Author)

Explores the relationship among high technology industrialization, skill levels, and economic inequality. Finds that minority labor force participants experience more earnings discrimination in high tech industries than in other industries. Attributes findings to variations in local labor market contexts and to differing stages of product cycles…

Manifestations of historical perceptions of women's powerlessness are still found in the discrepancies between men's and women's salary levels and positions. Moving beyond powerlessness requires un-learning helplessness, having credentials, gaining support, using the legal structure, accepting and valuing oneself, and redefining the…

Using data from the 1989 Canadian Labour-Market Activity Survey, when occupation is treated as a productivity-related characteristic, gender wage gap estimates are distorted. Using a larger number of occupations, the occupational aggregation by gender reflects barriers women face in attempting to enter male-dominated occupations. (SK)