A case study of the impact of modest scholarships on the education of poor, rural Chinese girls found a "bonus effect"--an increase in the value placed on female scholarship recipients by their village. In mountainous Shaanxi Province, poor economic conditions led to many girls dropping out of school by grade 4. In one village, the…

Three factors are contributing to the redefinition of sex roles: (1) the equal education mandates of Title IX; (2) growing recognition of the need for female role models; and (3) the reconceptualization of androgyny and transcendence in scholarly research. Physical activity programs are one of the socialization agents that can aid in the process.…

This history of Lancaster, a nineteenth-century reform school for poor girls, illustrates the change in reform ideology from belief in the efficacy of family-style environment to concern for protecting the social order from "hereditarily deviant" children. The role of institutions as mechanisms for social control of the poor and of women…

Describes overt and latent gender conflicts in an adventure education program at a small southwestern college. Analyzes dynamics within the program, drawing on feminist application of social construction theory, the theory of gender differences in moral development, and a feminist critique of dualistic hierarchical thinking. Discusses implications…

Discusses the history of women in science, the contemporary status of women in the field, and the implications of an increasing number of women becoming scientists at a time when the field is being closely scrutinized. Suggests that a global feminism is necessary if a science for humanity is to be developed. (KO)

Raises the issue of recognizing the diversity of poor women in psychological research, focusing on the need to disentangle ethnicity and class and the limitations of adopting a middle-class white perspective. Possible causes of exclusion in addition to racism and suggestions for achieving feminist goals are considered. (SLD)

Data from General Social Surveys and Census Bureau sources, 1964-94, indicate that nonmetropolitan and metropolitan areas are similar in married women's labor force participation and gender differences in earnings. Nonmetro areas have higher occupational sex segregation and slightly less egalitarian gender attitudes. Gender stratification has…

Objective: The number of women in psychiatric training is predicted to increase over time. This article aims to review and evaluate the existing literature on the topic and identify present areas of concern and recommend future areas for research. Method: A Medline search from 1964 to the present day was conducted. Literature on female physicians…

Designed as a forum for research and discussion of significant ideas and issues shaping the evolution of community and junior colleges nationwide, this journal focuses on those issues affecting two-year college women students, faculty, and administrators. The 1990 edition of the annual journal contains the following articles: (1) "Leadership in a…

The impact of education on the lives of Indian women who attended Kinnaird College in British India is examined. The lives of 468 of the 1,544 women listed in the admissions register from 1913 to 1947, or about a 30 percent non-random sample, are the basis of the study. Alumnae records were examined, and personal interviews were conducted with…

The study deals with inter- and intracultural differences in the perception of family roles. One hundred and fifty-six Japanese students (40 modern females, 76 traditional females, and 40 males) and 148 German students (58 modern females, 49 traditional females, and 41 males) answered questionnaires concerning the ideal and real decision-making…

This paper presents research on the immigration, employment, familial, and social experiences of Colombian women in New York City. The data discussed are derived from both a literature review and extensive interviews with Colombian women residing in the city during recent years. It is hypothesized that Colombian women's perceptions of their actual…

A survey of textbooks used in French elementary schools during the Third Republic illustrates that period's attitudes toward female roles, social class, and religious differences. A sample of 126 public school books and 43 Catholic textbooks reveals that young students were presented the ideal of a woman content to remain inside an orderly…

After defining professionalism and examining the researched disparities between men and women, the patriarchal model of professionalism is considered. The way that women have fared within the patriarchal model and four aspects of the model that would appear to benefit from feminization are discussed. The accepted sociological definition of…

This study was undertaken to determine the relationship between college women's attitudes toward obesity and their own body weight. Subjects were placed in three categories: (1) acceptable level of body fat, (2) overweight, and (3) obese. Correlational techniques were used to determine the relationship between the subjects percent of body fat and…