From a master's thesis by the senior author in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts degree in counseling at the University of Illinois.

A study examined the effects of gender on social interaction under numerically imbalanced conditions. Specifically, the study tested R. M. Kanter's assumption that all tokens (individuals who enter a work environment where their gender is numerically scarce) respond in a similar manner to token conditions, although evidence exists that males and…

This study found that, prior to beginning school, the typical adult female student at Montclair State College reports moderately positive support from her spouse. However, during the first semester, she encounters mild role conflict and lack of self-confidence in her ability to meet family and academic responsibilities. During her second and third…

This study was an analysis of women's roles, especially as these roles pertain to career development. The sample was comprised of 21 women who were members of a graduate workshop, "Women in the Modern World." These women were studied in depth through comparisons of data from various questionnaries distributed during the workshop and from analysis…

Forty-three female college students responded to a l5-statement questionnaire dealing with five areas of role conflict: (1) time management; (2) relations with spouse or boyfriend; (3) expectations for self; (4) expectations of others; and (5) guilt. The problem statements used in the questionnaire were derived from previous research that found…

Though Freud often is portrayed by advocates of women's liberation as the villain in the 'biology is destiny' controversy, Freud was very much a person of his own times. Rather than inventing the 'biology is destiny' theme, he was perpetuating a tradition that dates from at least the time of the Greeks, and which was deeply engrained in 19th…

The purpose of this paper was to show how women medical students are socialized into their student role. The sample group was made up of 24 groups of six medical students, up to half of whom were women. The data were collected from responses to a questionnaire administered to the members of each group at the beginning of the semester and again at…

This project investigated attitudes of entering freshmen college women in an attempt to learn whether traditional sex-role ideologies were still predominant, and what the career and educational aspiration levels of these young women were. The variables most concerning the authors were career salience, educational and career aspirations, opinions…

The study identifies characteristics of young women who, in their occupational choices, do not conform to the traditionally expected female role. Differences are examined in home and family background, personality characteristics, values and attitudes, educational achievement and aptitude, and educational experiences between those women who elect…

Differences between women in two-year colleges who are planning traditional and innovative careers and lifestyles are discussed, with emphasis on the implications for counselors. Each group reveals unique perceptions and needs as students and as women. Counselors are urged to develop ways to help both groups of women students. (Author)

An emerging trend offers opportunities for mother to seek new roles in today's society. Empathy, genuineness and positive regard, as well as personality correlates were assessed for 158 mothers who were either employed full-time or not employed at all. Effects on the self-esteem of the child and relationship variables are discussed. (Author)

Research has shown that women work well as negotiators. This talent can be optimized if the role makeup of the bargaining group is given consideration. (For availability see EA 507 171) (Author/MLF)

A comparison of two groups of 16 high school senior girls indicate that achievers aspire higher than underachievers in their educational goals, are more contemporary in and committed to their career goal choices than underachievers, and have a more contemporary view of women's role in society. (Author/EB)

Two groups of college seniors (N=106) were compared on factors affecting feminine career choice and career development. Three factors pertained to feminine role perception. The remaining four were concerned with sex-role stereotyping and various aspects of family background. (Author)

The study was designed to investigate perception of conflict and outcome across women's roles. A variation of the Thematic Apperception Test was used. Results suggest educated adult women perceive the worker role as the least problematic. (Author)