Purpose: Although exercise is typically included in behavioral weight-loss programs, the amount associated with meaningful short- to long-term weight reduction required investigation. Indirect paths between exercise-associated psychological changes and weight loss might be more relevant than the direct effect of exercise on energy expenditure-related weight loss in deconditioned/obese individuals. Method: Sedentary women with obesity (N = 97; M[subscript age] = 47.2 years) participated in a year-long cognitive-behavioral weight-loss treatment that emphasized building self-regulatory skills to maintain exercise in advance of transferring those skills to controlled eating. Results: There was a significant increase in exercise (metabolic equivalents/week or leisure score index; LSI), and significant improvements in mood, self-regulation for exercise, and self-regulation for eating from baseline to Months 6, 12, and 24. There were 5.9%, 5.8%, and 5.8% reductions in weight, respectively. Completion of 15-20 LSI did not significantly differ from greater amounts on associated weight losses except for the rare occurrence of [greater than or equal to] 30 LSI over the full 24-month study period. There were significant bivariate relationships between completion of [greater than or equal to] 15 LSI and weight loss over 6, 12, and 24 months. Within serial mediation analyses assessing changes from baseline--Months 6 and 24, there were significant indirect paths from [greater than or equal to] 15 LSI[right arrow]self-regulation for exercise[right arrow]self-regulation for eating[right arrow]weight loss, and [greater than or equal to] 15 LSI[right arrow]negative mood[right arrow]self-regulation for exercise[right arrow]self-regulation for eating[right arrow]weight loss. Those paths were not significant when baseline--Month 12 changes were entered. Conclusion: Findings suggested the value of even manageable exercise amounts because of their association with psychosocial correlates of weight loss, and informed behavioral obesity treatments.