Kenya and Ghana provide interesting case studies of the theory that women who have access to roles other than mother and whose status does not depend largely or solely on the number of children they bear will have fewer children. Kenyan and Ghanaian women have among the highest desired and actual fertility in the world. They also, relatively…

This article examines some persistent paradoxes in the definition of the male role, and proposes a distinction between traditional and modern male roles. Four current perspectives on the problem of the male role are distinguished. (Author/AM)

A model of family economic development is conceptualized in terms of economic role behavior of wives. This model is integrated with existing family development models and the implications of a family economic development model for family theory is assessed. (Author)

Both static and dynamic models are developed which hypothesize effects of background characteristics, socioeconomic factors and family life-cycle stages on three dimensions of normative preferences. The most striking result is the failure of the husband's preferences to dominate the wife's. (Author)

Many mature women reach a decision-making point where a desire to change the direction of their lives is quite evident, but how to implement that change is unclear. Presented is a five part guidance model which provides steps useful in working with the mature woman in her mid-life role change. (Author)

Presents a model of role conflict coping behavior that is based on three levels in the role process: structural role definition, personal role redefinition, and reactive role behavior. Using the results of a survey of college educated women, 16 behavioral strategies are identified and classified. The relationship between coping behavior and…

A study of the role of the medical school dean's wife is discussed. Topics include: role orientation, perceived expectations, activities, resources, priorities, and satisfaction. A conceptual model is presented in the form of a three-part typology (active, passive, and nonparticipant) to describe the approaches used by wives. (Author/MLW)

This paper explores issues and hypotheses concerned with women's work in developing economies. The relationships among agricultural labor, marketing, and trading activity rates in traditional and modernizing economies are not supported by the data. Alternative hypotheses explain the differential employment rates of women in modernizing economies.…

Designed for high school women at the sophomore level, this program is intended to act as a catalyst for exploration of career goals with a heightened awareness of the influence of sexism and stereotypic attitudes regarding women's roles. Together with three special activity periods, there is continued assistance by the high school counselor in…

The suggestion is made that the flood of middle-aged women who have recently turned away from traditional approaches to achievement may have shifted their orientation to changing options, but have always had a great desire to achieve. The effect of the changing values of the women's movement is discussed, and a grid of achievement motivation…

This article explores some of the major influences affecting the development of female sex-role identity and the psychological and social consequences of this deveopment during childhood and adolescence. (Author/EB)

Studied the impact of life experience on women's cognitive and ethical development. Considered the structure and historical and social factors of such development, and the importance of higher education in attaining high positions on W.G. Perry's developmental scale. Factors found to affect women's positions on the scale were attitudes toward…

Married mothers and their husbands were interviewed at the beginning and end of the women's first year of enrollment in a university to study changes in marital happiness when women return to school. Marital happiness declined over the year among couples in which wives were enrolled as full-time students. (Author/MLW)

Options was a two-year research and curriculum design project conducted at Dartmouth College (New Hampshire) under a grant for the Women's Educational Equity Act Program Staff. The project completed the following: assessment of career-related perceptions and self-defined needs of rural young people in five different rural regions (Northern New…