Since its inception, Title IX, which celebrated its 48th anniversary in June 2020, has promoted gender equity in schools, colleges, and universities across the nation. Title IX not only has helped girls and women throughout the country level the playing field in educational programs such as sports--a frequently cited contribution, especially at…

In this paper, we, a collective of wahine 'Oiwi (Native Hawaiian women), reflect on how we may ho'oko (fulfill) our kuleana lahui (nation-building responsibilities) through our positions in the academy. While doing this work has always already been tenuous given the occupied state of ka Lahui Hawai'i (the Hawaiian nation), this tenuousness and the…

Alicia Garza, Patrisse Cullors, and Opal Tometi are the three Black women and founders of #BlackLivesMatter (BLM). Despite being founded by Black women, public discourses about BLM often foreground Black men's lives, and deaths, at the hand of the state. When attention is given to the violence against Black women, they are either blamed for their…

Kimberlé Crenshaw's scholarship on Black women has been the springboard for numerous education studies in which researchers use intersectionality as a theoretical framework; however, few have considered the possibilities of intersectionality as a methodological tool. In this literature synthesis, the authors (a) examined studies about Black women…

Despite recent celebrations of diverse beauty in America, whiteness has maintained its foundation as the standard. Historic and contemporary parameters of beauty continue to play a role in not only American society in general, but in higher education. This paper examines the circumstances surrounding the crowning of two Black women as beauty…

The thoroughly updated second edition of this dynamic and thoughtful collection focuses on the issues that have shaped American higher education in the past decade. "Essential Documents in the History of American Higher Education," designed to be used alongside John R. Thelin's "A History of American Higher Education" or on its…

Histories of education in America often discuss how concerns over women's health influenced public opinion on women's participation in higher education in the late nineteenth century. However, these histories almost exclusively focus on literature produced by the medical community--literature claiming that rigorous academic study was detrimental…

Christine Ladd-Franklin spent the first forty years of her life becoming one of the best-educated women in nineteenth-century America. She spent the rest of her life devising fellowship programs designed to enable educated women to have the same opportunities as men in their academic careers. The difficulty women had in becoming professors had a…

Jane Barker--poet, novelist, farm manager, student and practitioner of medical arts--was not allowed to attend university because she was a woman. Yet she was Oxford-educated in the most modern of medical theories of her time. By the end of her life, unmarried by choice, Barker was writing for pay under her own name in an emerging genre--the…

Describes the problems and successes of the first female correspondents who covered the nation's capitol during and after the Civil War. (RB)

Focuses on women who practiced and wrote about medicine in nineteenth-century United States. Argues that the writing of women scientists complicates present understanding of the relations of gender, science, and writing as it presents in the discourse of medicine a variety of gendered positions rather than a univocal performance of patriarchal…

Contains the second and concluding part of a two-part article on the history of women in American journalism, covering the period from World War II to the present. (RB)

Taps research in American studies to learn more about rhetoric and writing instruction in post-Revolutionary America. Merges the separate (and gendered) histories of early 19th-century American rhetoric, breaking down the separate spheres in contemporary historical and literary scholarship. Examines civic rhetoric found in texts that represent…

This is the first of a two-part article on the history of women in journalism, covering involvement of women from the Colonial period until World War II. (RB)

Contains an extensive bibliography of historical documents and sources of collections on women in journalism. (RB)