This Digest describes factors that may restrict access to adult literacy education in North America and discusses several potential solutions to these problems from programs that have aimed to provide adult literacy instruction to specific minority groups. Although the barriers and potential solutions apply to all minority groups, two populations…

In an attempt to address the need for substantive comparisons in the minority university faculty population, this monograph examines the relative differences in minority groups in the faculty population when the data permit comparisons. The report also examines research on the status of women faculty members. The discussion assembles a large…

Issues involved in improving administrator preparation programs are described in this ERIC Digest. A literature review identifies appropriate skills and methods for administrator training and summarizes recommendations such as application of theory to practice and development of full-time internships, school/university collaboration, mentorships,…

The reform of elementary and secondary school science education in the United States has received renewed attention with the publication of several science reform documents and the 1989 Education Summit sponsored by the nation's governors and President Bush. This digest reviews documents which focus on the reform of science education and projects…

This second volume of Compact Guides to Information on Urban and Minority Education includes three reports: a review of alternative schools, a report on teaching writing to dialectally different youths, and a bibliography on race and sex stereotyping in children's books. The first report discusses the characteristics, types and outcomes of…

The premise of this paper is that, although career choice implies options, issues of gender, race, and class may constrain the occupational choices an individual makes. Dominant career development theories are being reexamined for their appropriateness to diverse groups. This paper reviews the following theories: Ginzberg, Ginsburg, Axelrad, and…

Cognitive, social, and organizational problems put some groups at a disadvantage in learning mathematics, science, and technology. Recent programs and policies have begun to improve these inequalities. Minorities and women can benefit from long-term programs that help them to recontextualize information, reduce their anxiety, and spend more time…

The critical career development strategy of networking is being transformed by the Internet into virtual or e-networking. Virtual networking provides these advantages: it eliminates the fear of making initial contact and the stress of first impressions; it overcomes restrictions of location, time, or money; it makes responses faster and easier;…

This monograph is a revision of "Counseling Women for Nontraditional Careers" (Smith, Smith, and Stroup, 1977). This update reflects changes in societal attitudes toward combined work and family roles for women and toward women entering nontraditional occupations. After reviewing the current employment situation for women, five hypotheses are…

This digest summarizes a report of a study of the research literature on faculty publication productivity, with special emphasis on gender as a factor in publishing productivity. Major issues addressed by the report include: (1) the existence of significant gender and race differences in publishing productivity, with women and minorities…

This report reviews the research literature on faculty publication productivity, with special emphasis on the ways in which gender is a factor in publishing productivity. An executive summary notes the following themes: (1) the existence of significant gender and race differences in publishing productivity; (2) the relationship of gender to…

The trends which are evident in the representation of women and minorities in school administration, and the barriers which these groups face in obtaining administrative positions are the subjects of this report. Following an introductory section, section II discusses trends in the representation of women and minorities in school administration.…

Some minority and female students traditionally have not been given the help they need to enroll and succeed in mathematics and science classes. Now, however, a variety of approaches are available to give these students the extra attention they need. Parents can help children develop an interest in science and mathematics by: (1) identifying role…

Different groups at different times have turned to founding documents of the United States to meet their needs and to declare their entitlement to the promises of the Revolution of 1776. At Seneca Falls, New York in the summer of 1848, a group of U.S. men and women met to discuss the legal limitations imposed on women during this period. Their…

The spectrum of women-owned businesses ranges from full corporations to microenterprises. Women business owners share many characteristics and motivations of business owners generally; other factors are dissatisfaction with "glass ceiling" limits, desire for job flexibility, and age discrimination. Women entrepreneurs often face barriers…