Women have been underrepresented, and even excluded from academic life throughout history. As countries look to address ongoing inequality in academia, state-mandated gender quotas for academic boards and committees have emerged as a recommended practice in Europe. Although an increasing number of countries have adopted this policy model, little…

Global scholarship has documented gender discrepancies in power in higher education institutions (HEIs) for several decades. That research is now supported by wider gender equality movements such as those concerned with unequal pay and sexual harassment. Underlying these is the under-representation of women in senior management and full…

In the last decades, developed economies have witnessed significant declines in wages for low-skill workers, increases in employment in high-skill occupations, rapid diffusion of new technology, and expanding offshoring opportunities. Labor markets in developed countries have reallocated labor from manual to cognitive jobs and from routine to…

Speeches and small group working sessions were the major components of this sex equity seminar. Speeches given by Annika Thelin (Sweden) and Gaby Weiner (United Kingdom) presented an historical and analytical approach to equal opportunities, focusing on the often slow progress towards sex equality in the education of children in Sweden and the…

The author discusses the theoretical aspects of positive action programs for women. In looking at the results achieved by the various laws and institutional machinery introduced in Western Europe to enforce equal pay and equal treatment for men and women in employment, she concludes that no notable progress has been made over the past 10 years.…

After a brief discussion of conference background and structure, these proceedings identify and summarize equal pay and employment policy issues discussed at a four-day working conference of sixty-five people from twelve advanced industrialized countries. Focus is on progress to date and alternative strategies for implementing policies. Strategies…

Reviews existing programs for equal education and employment for women in Europe, including reentry to school and work, training for nontraditional fields, and management training. Discusses the role of adult educators in setting priorities, influencing policy, and obtaining funding for women's programs. (SK)