The lesson described in this article includes a number of overlapping learning goals. The first goal is to develop students' understanding of the complexities associated with the legal regulation of business in the United States. This case study is an excellent means of doing so, since it involves numerous interrelated legal issues. Real-world…

Institutional Review Boards (IRBs) and their federal overseers protect human subjects, but this vital work is often dysfunctional despite their conscientious efforts. A cardinal, but unrecognized, explanation is that IRBs are performing a specific function -- the management of risk -- using a flawed theoretical and practical approach. At the time…

It is a widely acknowledged fact that public tertiary educational institutions in Nigeria are not adequately funded. This has contributed to the slide in the giving and receiving standards of education in the country. However, as paltry as the financial receipts of the institutions are, it has been argued that, if the funds are transparently…

Across the United States, school districts are working to turnaround their lowest performing schools in order to meet the requirements of Adequate Yearly Progress mandated by the "No Child Left Behind Act" of 2001. These failing schools are facing district, state, and federal sanctions of closure, takeover, or restructuring. A new…

The established professional practice requiring informed consent for the disclosure of personal health information with its implied right to privacy suffered a serious setback with the first federal privacy initiative of the Bush administration. The new Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 (P.L. 104-191) privacy…

This article (1) examines the overall structure of regulatory research oversight in the United States; (2) details the origins and evolution of federal legislation pertaining to the protection of human subjects in biomedical and behavioral treatment and research; and (3) describes the expansion of oversight regulation from biomedical and…

The role of the court on the campus is examined from the constitutional cases of the 1960s, through the expansion of administrative regulations during the 1970s, to the potential of judicial restraint and less government in the 1980s. It is agreed that the courts have pushed colleges and universities to higher ethical standards. These positive…

This paper summarizes the rules and regulations under which educational researchers are expected to operate. The role of the Institutional Review Board (IRB) in ensuring protection of research participants from unethical procedures or investigators is discussed, as is the general exemption of specific types of educational research from the IRB…

The Early Childhood Development Communique articulated a commitment to increasing positive outcomes for children from birth to age 6 in Canada. Noting that owners and boards of child care programs are charged with providing a quality service to young children and their families, this discussion paper articulates the owners' and boards'…

Analyzes the impact of recent policy developments in the USA associated with school accountability according to the best interests of the student. With the mandated implementation of the US federal law entitled the No Child Left Behind Act approaching, minimal attention has been afforded to the complex ethical dimensions associated with policies…

With an estimated 17-22 million animals used in laboratories annually in the United States, public interest in animal welfare has sparked an often emotional debate over such uses of animals. Concerns focus on balancing societal needs for continued progress in biomedical and behavioral research, for toxicity testing to safeguard the public, and for…

Legislative, judicial, and administrative activity surrounding questions raised about treatment of critically ill newborns are discussed, including the Indiana Baby Doe case, the March 1983 Baby Doe II rule and its invalidation, the related lawsuit, and recent congressional activity regarding amendment of the Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment…

Examines the legal and ethical framework within which the National Center for Education Statistics must work to resolve the tensions between obligations to disclose information and obligations to protect confidentiality. Discusses some approaches to reconciling the sometimes conflicting demands of applicable legal and ethical guidelines. (164…

This report extends earlier Carnegie Council comment on and advice about the proper ethical condition for higher education. Higher education in the United States is thought to have made many positive contributions to ethical conduct; yet some signs of deterioration are observed in important parts of academic life. Fourteen recommendations are made…