Current federal aid allocation policies do an admirable job of targeting aid to school districts serving the neediest students. But these policies have one significant, underlying weakness: they fail to consider states' effort levels (and their capacities to raise revenue). In this article, the authors propose a new federal aid framework that functions similarly to how state finance systems are supposed to work--that is, by distributing federal aid based on both costs/needs as well as states' and districts' ability and willingness to pay their fair shares of bringing all districts up to a minimum adequate level. As a proof of concept, in their report the authors provide extensive calculations and analysis to simulate one reasonable manifestation of that framework: a voluntary supplemental federal aid program in which eligibility is contingent upon fair share state and local contributions (i.e., minimum effort), and new federal funds fill the gaps between that contribution and adequate funding levels in eligible states. While readers are encouraged to read the full report, a summary of this simulation is offered here showing that what's needed to ensure adequate funding for all districts is reasonable and doable.