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Direct linkSink, Kelly S.; Davis, Michael; Walker, David L. – Learning & Memory, 2013
Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) infusions into the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST) evoke increases in startle amplitude and increases in anxiety-like behavior in the plus maze. Conversely, intra-BNST infusions of the CGRP antagonist CGRP[subscript 8-37] block unconditioned startle increases produced by fox odor. Here we evaluate…
Descriptors: Fear, Brain, Biochemistry, Conditioning
Walker, David L.; Davis, Michael – Learning & Memory, 2008
Within the amygdala, most N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptors consist of NR1 subunits in combination with either NR2A or NR2B subunits. Because the particular subunit composition greatly influences the receptors' properties, we investigated the contribution of both subtypes to fear conditioning and expression. To do so, we infused the…
Descriptors: Learning Processes, Memory, Conditioning, Fear
Norrholm, Seth D.; Jovanovic, Tanja; Vervliet, Bram; Myers, Karyn M.; Davis, Michael; Rothbaum, Barbara O.; Duncan, Erica J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
The purpose of this study was to analyze fear extinction and reinstatement in humans using fear-potentiated startle. Participants were fear conditioned using a simple discrimination procedure with colored lights as the conditioned stimuli (CSs) and an airblast to the throat as the unconditioned stimulus (US). Participants were extinguished 24 h…
Descriptors: Fear, Conditioning, Responses, Visual Stimuli
Ressler, Kerry J.; Rattiner, Lisa M.; Davis, Michael – Learning & Memory, 2004
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has been implicated as a molecular mediator of learning and memory. The BDNF gene contains four differentially regulated promoters that generate four distinct mRNA transcripts, each containing a unique noncoding 5[prime]-exon and a common 3[prime]-coding exon. This study describes novel evidence for the…
Descriptors: Fear, Learning Processes, Brain, Neurology
Davis, Michael; Myers, Karyn M.; Ressler, Kerry J. – Learning & Memory, 2006
Fear extinction is defined as a decline in conditioned fear responses (CRs) following nonreinforced exposure to a feared conditioned stimulus (CS). Behavioral evidence indicates that extinction is a form of inhibitory learning: Extinguished fear responses reappear with the passage of time (spontaneous recovery), a shift of context (renewal), and…
Descriptors: Fear, Epidemiology, Behavioral Science Research, Conditioning
Walker, David L.; Paschall, Gayla Y.; Davis, Michael – Learning & Memory, 2005
The basolateral amygdala's involvement in fear acquisition and expression to visual and auditory stimuli is well known. The involvement of the basolateral and other amygdala areas in fear acquisition and expression to stimuli of other modalities is less certain. We evaluated the contribution of the basolateral and medial amygdala to olfactory and…
Descriptors: Conditioning, Fear, Auditory Stimuli, Visual Stimuli
