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Parrish, Allen; And Others – 1995
This paper reports on a study involving the administration of two examinations that were designed to evaluate student knowledge in several areas of computing. The tests were given both to computer science majors and to those enrolled in computer science classes from other majors. They sought to discover whether computer science majors demonstrated…
Descriptors: College Students, Comparative Testing, Computer Literacy, Computer Science
Sandene, Brent; Horkay, Nancy; Bennett, Randy Elliot; Allen, Nancy; Braswell, James; Kaplan, Bruce; Oranje, Andreas – National Center for Education Statistics, 2005
This publication presents the reports from two studies, Math Online (MOL) and Writing Online (WOL), part of the National Assessment of Educational Progress (NAEP) Technology-Based Assessment (TBA) project. Funded by the National Center for Education Statistics (NCES), the Technology-Based Assessment project is intended to explore the use of new…
Descriptors: Grade 8, Statistical Analysis, Scoring, Familiarity

Levitt, Mary J.; And Others – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1993
Assessed infants' attachment behaviors toward nonparental adults, including grandparents, other relatives, and family friends. Found that the extent of infants' attachment behavior to nonparental adults was related to infant-mother attachment behavior and to the nonparental adult's responsiveness in teaching and position in the mother's social…
Descriptors: Adults, Attachment Behavior, Extended Family, Familiarity

Nelson, Charles A.; Collins, Paul F. – Developmental Psychology, 1991
Used event-related potentials (ERPs) and fixation duration to examine infants' responses to events. Found that ERPs, but not looking time, distinguished between familiar events presented frequently rather than infrequently, and between familiar and novel events presented infrequently. Proposed that ERPs reflected updating of working memory or…
Descriptors: Cognitive Ability, Encoding (Psychology), Eye Fixations, Familiarity

Bjorklund, David F.; And Others – Contemporary Educational Psychology, 1992
Results with 47 first graders, 54 third graders, and 52 fifth graders of high and low intelligence quotient (IQ) on a task involving recall of classmate pictures indicate that memory benefits associated with being an expert are associated with greater knowledge rather than with motivation. (SLD)
Descriptors: Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Familiarity, Grade 1

Smith, Eliot R.; Zarate, Michael A. – Psychological Review, 1992
An exemplar-based model of social judgment is presented in which specific past experiences and more abstract schematic knowledge influence judgments and perceptions of people and groups. Computer simulations illustrate the way the model accounts for social influences on exemplar access and use and on the content of social judgments. (SLD)
Descriptors: Classification, Computer Simulation, Decision Making, Familiarity

Rabiner, David L.; And Others – Developmental Psychology, 1993
Phase 1 of this study found that, among fourth and fifth graders, submissive children who were rejected by peers reported less positive beliefs about peers than did children of average status. In phase 2, no relationship between children's sociometric status and their beliefs about unfamiliar peers was found. (BC)
Descriptors: Beliefs, Elementary Education, Elementary School Students, Familiarity

Bronson, Gordon W. – Child Development, 1991
Eye movements of 12-week-old infants were recorded in a visual encoding experiment. Results showed that infants who encoded more slowly scanned less extensively over the stimulus and engaged in prolonged fixation. An experiment with two-week olds showed significant age differences in the manner of visual scanning. (BC)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Encoding (Psychology), Eye Fixations, Eye Movements

Bermejo, Vicente; Lago, M. Oliva – International Journal of Behavioral Development, 1990
Cardinality responses are affected by both the direction and nature of the elements in the counting sequence. Error analysis suggests six stages in the acquisition of cardinality. Although there appears to be a developmental dependency between counting and cardinality, this relationship is not significant in all cases. (RH)
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Processes, Comprehension, Computation

Hawley, Patricia H.; Little, Todd D. – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1999
Studied predictors of social dominance and the effects of social dominance on the play behavior of 16 young children 1 to 3 years old. Observed multiple interactions with multiple partners to explore individual-level effects and effects due to individual-partner interactions. Found support for expectations that social dominance mediates…
Descriptors: Aggression, Assertiveness, Conflict, Familiarity

Stricker, Lawrence J.; Emmerich, Walter – Journal of Educational Measurement, 1999
Examined the connection between gender differences in examinees' familiarity, interest, and negative emotional reactions to items on the College Board's Advanced Placement Psychology Examination and the items' differential item functioning (DIF). Gender differences for a sample of 717 students for the 3 variables were substantially related to the…
Descriptors: Advanced Placement, Correlation, Emotional Response, Familiarity

Cennamo, Katherine S.; Chung, Mi-Lee; Leuck, Vivian; Mount, Veronica; Turner-Vorbeck, Tammy – International Journal of Instructional Media, 1995
A study of graduate students examined how learners process videotaped materials on familiar and unfamiliar topics. Analysis of interviews suggested that all participants interpreted the content of the videotape relative to topics with which they were familiar. In their responses, those familiar with topics offered more inferences, while those…
Descriptors: Cognitive Processes, Data, Educational Media, Educational Research

Courage, Mary L.; Howe, Mark L. – Journal of Experimental Child Psychology, 1998
Two experiments used paired-comparisons to investigate 3-month olds' recognition of dynamic visual events after various retention intervals. Results indicated a changing pattern of attentional preferences over time consistent with models of infant recognition memory in which novelty, familiarity, and null preferences are considered conjointly and…
Descriptors: Attention, Familiarity, Infant Behavior, Infants

Imai, Mutsumi; Haryu, Etsuko – Child Development, 2001
Examined how Japanese 2- and 4-year-olds assigned meaning to novel nouns associated with familiar and unfamiliar animals and inanimate objects. Found that in the absence of useful information from syntax, the 2-year-olds were able to fast map a noun to its meaning by elegantly coordinating word-learning biases and other available sources of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Cognitive Development, Comparative Analysis, Familiarity

Cunningham, Robert F. – School Science and Mathematics, 2005
For students to develop an understanding of functions, they must have opportunities to solve problems that require them to transfer between algebraic, numeric, and graphic representations (transfer problems). Research has confirmed student difficulties with certain types of transfer problems and has suggested instructional factors as a possible…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Algebra, Mathematics Teachers, Mathematics Instruction