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Ludemann, Pamela M. – Child Development, 1991
Infants were tested for recognition and discrimination of expressions. Ten-month olds familiar with a mix of happy and surprised expressions demonstrated generalized discrimination of positive affect. Only after seven months does dependence on the presence of expression-specific features for affect recognition and discrimination diminish. (BC)
Descriptors: Discrimination Learning, Facial Expressions, Familiarity, Habituation
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Bauer, Patricia J.; Liebl, Monica; Stennes, Leif – Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 1998
Examined preschool children's inferences about the likely appearance of a target figure based on information about the figure's occupation or personality traits. Without explicit gender-category information, girls' performance on gender-consistent and gender-inconsistent trials was equivalent; boys performed better on same-sex attributes. With…
Descriptors: Associative Learning, Child Development, Cognitive Development, Familiarity
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Younger, Barbara A.; Fearing, Dru D. – Child Development, 1999
Three experiments used a familiarization/novelty or a habituation/dishabituation procedure to examine developmental change in infants' tendency to parse exemplars into separate categories. Results indicated that 10-month olds appeared to form differentiated categories, whereas 4- and 7-month olds formed a single category to include the range of…
Descriptors: Age Differences, Classification, Cognitive Processes, Familiarity
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Most, Tova; Weisel, Amatzia; Lev-Matezky, Avivit – Volta Review, 1996
This study investigated the effect of speech intelligibility of children with severe/profound hearing losses on evaluations of personal qualities by 60 listeners who were either familiar with or not familiar with the speech of children with hearing impairments. Experienced listeners scored speakers' speech intelligibility, cognitive competence,…
Descriptors: Children, Cognitive Ability, Deafness, Familiarity
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Shultz, Thomas R.; Cohen, Leslie B. – Infancy, 2004
We used an encoder version of cascade correlation to simulate Younger and Cohen's (1983, 1986) finding that 10-month-olds recover attention on the basis of correlations among stimulus features, but 4- and 7-month-olds recover attention on the basis of stimulus features. We captured these effects by varying the score threshold parameter in cascade…
Descriptors: Infants, Learning, Age Differences, Attention
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Lipton, Jennifer S.; Spelke, Elizabeth S. – Infancy, 2004
Six experiments investigated infants' sensitivity to numerosity in auditory sequences. In prior studies (Lipton & Spelke, 2003), 6-month-old infants discriminated sequences of 8 versus 16 but not 8 versus 12 sounds, and 9-month-old infants discriminated 8 versus 12 but not 8 versus 10 sounds, when the continuous variables of rate, sound duration,…
Descriptors: Experimental Psychology, Numbers, Auditory Stimuli, Age Differences
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Carter, Julie A.; Lees, Janet A.; Murira, Gladys M.; Gona, Joseph; Neville, Brian G. R.; Newton, Charles R. J. C. – International Journal of Language and Communication Disorders, 2005
Background: There is an increasing demand for the assessment of speech and language in clinical and research situations in countries where there are few assessment resources. Due to the nature of cultural variation and the potential for cultural bias, new assessment tools need to be developed or existing tools require adaptation. However, there…
Descriptors: Foreign Countries, Guidelines, Familiarity, Cultural Differences
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Brainerd, C. J.; Holliday, R. E.; Reyna, V. F. – Child Development, 2004
Two remembering phenomenologies, vivid recollection and vague familiarity, have been extensively studied in adults using introspective self-report tasks, such as rememberknow. Because such tasks are beyond the capabilities of young children, there is no database on how these phenomenologies first develop and what factors affect them. In…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Recognition (Psychology), Child Behavior, Recall (Psychology)
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Zeelenberg, Rene; Wagenmakers, Eric-Jan; Shiffrin, Richard M. – Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition, 2004
The authors argue that nonword repetition priming in lexical decision is the net result of 2 opposing processes. First, repeating nonwords in the lexical decision task results in the storage of a memory trace containing the interpretation that the letter string is a nonword; retrieval of this trace leads to an increase in performance for repeated…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Memory, Phonology, Cognitive Processes
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Clearfield, Melissa W. – Cognitive Development, 2004
This study examined infants' enumeration of puppet jumping tasks. In Experiment 1, 5-7-month-old infants were familiarized to a puppet jumping two or three times, and tested with both numbers of jumps. Infants looked significantly longer at the new number, replicating Wynn [Psychol. Sci. 7 (1996) 164]. To probe further the stability of infants'…
Descriptors: Infants, Puppetry, Experiments, Familiarity
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Qualls, Constance Dean; Lantz, Jennifer M.; Pietrzyk, Rose M.; Blood, Gordon W.; Hammer, Carol Scheffner – Journal of Communication Disorders, 2004
Adolescents with language-based learning disabilities (LBLD) often interpret idioms literally. When idioms are provided in an enriched context, comprehension is compromised further because of the LBLD student's inability to assign multiple meanings to words, assemble and integrate information, and go beyond a local referent to derive a global,…
Descriptors: Familiarity, Figurative Language, Adolescents, Reading Skills
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Reynolds, Greg D.; Richards, John E. – Developmental Psychology, 2005
This study investigated the effects of familiarization and attention on event-related potential (ERP) correlates of recognition memory in infants. Infants 4.5, 6, or 7.5 months of age were either familiarized with 2 stimuli that were used during later testing or presented 2 stimuli that were not used later. Then, infants were presented with a…
Descriptors: Stimuli, Recognition (Psychology), Infants, Familiarity
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Goodson, F. Todd; Goodson, Lori Atkins – Voices from the Middle, 2005
The authors acted on their belief that familiarity with text and repeated readings of it would help students with fluency, comprehension, and confidence. They assembled a list of "cuttings" excerpts of full-length books from which seventh-grade students could choose to prepare a public reading. After working alone, in pairs, and reading for a…
Descriptors: Reading Materials, Reading Fluency, Oral Interpretation, Reading Comprehension
Roper, Scott F. – Teaching Music, 2005
The first step in getting to know the students is learning their names. As a general music teacher, the author stresses that learning seven hundred or more names may seem overwhelming. But if teachers cannot easily identify students by name, they are falling short of their duties as professional educators and overlooking a wonderful opportunity to…
Descriptors: Music Teachers, Music Education, Elementary School Students, Teaching Methods
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Wells, Karen – Childhood: A Global Journal of Child Research, 2005
Children's fears about strangers are often intense and vivid. While various educational, policing and media initiatives have made children suspicious of strangers, the question of who the figure of the stranger is has not been addressed. The sociology of the stranger anticipates that visible minorities are marked out as strangers. However, for the…
Descriptors: Child Behavior, Familiarity, Stranger Reactions, Racial Factors
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